To attain a growth in the firm’s competitiveness within the industry requires the shaping of a promotion system of the organizational knowledge use. The implementation of this system starts from the determination of the firm’s core competencies; as well as the design of a knowledge map to guide the whole process.

The point is to develop a knowledge management linked to the organizational learning as a way to assure the proper command of key knowledge. These knowledge is needed to sum value to the organizational processes; and to build sound competitive advantages.

The “Training in Environmental Technology Intelligence Project” is presented. The aim of the project is to implement an integrated action (sensitising, training and advanced services) focused on the Small and Medium Enterprises’ workers within the region. The desired objective is to use the technological innovation in dealing with environmental issues.

The goal is to characterize and to analyse the Spanish S & T Systems. It includes also a comparative study of them to offer a global vision of Science, Technology and Innovation in Spain.

An assessment of the European IRC Network results and of the state-of-the-art is done. The network is supported by the European Commission. Following a recent Commission strategy study, the organization, results and future developments of the network are analysed. Other issues of the article are the supply model versus the demand model (as well as the sustainability of the later); and the effects of the European socio-cultural diversity on the network results. Then, the effectiveness of the network technology transfer is assessed. Attention is paid to the experiences of the advisers network created in Japan in order to foster the Small and Medium Enterprises innovation. The concluding remarks are about another informal networks of technology transfer professionals (university technology transfer offices network; technology brokers network); and on a technology transfer firm like BTG of England

Spain offers a set of innovation tax aids larger than the European median one. But the effects (considering the firm’s use) are poor. The reason is the restrictive criteria applied by the Finance Ministry on the research, development or innovation firm’s projects.

To meet the research promotion criteria imposed by the establishing Act to the Carlos III Health Institute requires the development of certain issues. These are the National Health System environment; and the foundation of knowledge nexus. The nexus gather multidisciplinary experiences and skills, needed to attain competitive advantages.

The main target of this research is the analysis of the innovation through the patents. In order to carry out the same one a new methodology is developed that is able to minimize great part of the disadvantages that until the moment arise the use of indicators coming from patents, allowing the most precise evaluation of innovative "output" and the Technological Specialisation Indexes of Spain and other countries of europe: Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Holland and Belgium, which delimit the scope of this work.

The applications of this methodology discover a new potential in the traditional indicators and open the proccess to numerous aspects of the study of the innovation until now little developed. They are outlined as principal methodological contributions.

This Thesis opens besides new research perspectives in areas related to the studies of: technological correlations, regional innovation, identification of science-technology interphases, globalization, multinationals strategies, technological management, development tables of concordance, patents propensities, sectorial analyses, designs of new indicators etc.