{"id":130900,"date":"2010-01-11T04:40:00","date_gmt":"2010-01-11T04:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/\/biologia_pensamiento\/archive\/2010\/01\/11\/130900.aspx"},"modified":"2011-11-08T19:23:31","modified_gmt":"2011-11-08T17:23:31","slug":"pobres-proteinas-huerfanas-%c2%bfdonde-paran-vuestros-genes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/2010\/01\/11\/130900","title":{"rendered":"Pobres prote\u00ednas hu\u00e9rfanas, \u00bfd\u00f3nde paran vuestros genes?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/go2.wordpress.com\/?id=725X1342&amp;site=ciudadpirata.wordpress.com&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fc3.ac-images.myspacecdn.com%2Fimages02%2F84%2Fl_b4c5330834c549afb6a2c3f731cffa2e.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"244\" height=\"355\" \/><\/p>\n<div><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal<\/w:View> <w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21<\/w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning \/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas \/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false<\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false<\/w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false<\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables \/> <w:SnapToGridInCell \/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct \/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules \/> <w:DontGrowAutofit \/> <\/w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4<\/w:BrowserLevel> <\/w:WordDocument> <\/xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" LatentStyleCount=\"156\"> <\/w:LatentStyles> <\/xml><![endif]--><br \/>\n<!--   \/* Style Definitions *\/  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal \t{mso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmargin:0cm; \tmargin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:12.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} @page Section1 \t{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; \tmargin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; \tmso-header-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-footer-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 \t{page:Section1;} --><!--[if gte mso 10]>\n<mce:style><!    \/* Style Definitions *\/  table.MsoNormalTable \t{mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\"; \tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \tmso-style-noshow:yes; \tmso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; \tmso-para-margin:0cm; \tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:10.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-ansi-language:#0400; \tmso-fareast-language:#0400; \tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}  -->&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">El popular y controvertido <a href=\"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/informacionidi\/noticias\/noticia.asp?id=41854\">bolet\u00edn de noticias de Madrimasd nos indicaba recientemente los que, a juicio del prestigioso Instituto Smithsoniano ser\u00edan mayores acontecimientos cient\u00edficos de la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada<\/a>. El <span> <\/span>primero de ellos era el siguiente:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong>1- La secuenciaci\u00f3n del genoma humano:<\/strong> La secuenciaci\u00f3n del genoma se ha convertido en algo bastante com\u00fan, con nuevas especies que los cient\u00edficos a\u00f1aden poco a poco a la lista (el genoma del ma\u00edz ha sido hecho p\u00fablico hace un par de semanas). Pero, sin duda, el m\u00e1s importante fue la del genoma humano, completada en 2003, que dio a los investigadores una importante herramienta para conocer la biolog\u00eda humana y las enfermedades.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal<\/w:View> <w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21<\/w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning \/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas \/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false<\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false<\/w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false<\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables \/> <w:SnapToGridInCell \/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct \/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules \/> <w:DontGrowAutofit \/> <\/w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4<\/w:BrowserLevel> <\/w:WordDocument> <\/xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" LatentStyleCount=\"156\"> <\/w:LatentStyles> <\/xml><![endif]--><br \/>\n<!--   \/* Style Definitions *\/  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal \t{mso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmargin:0cm; \tmargin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:12.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} @page Section1 \t{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; \tmargin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; \tmso-header-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-footer-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 \t{page:Section1;} --><!--[if gte mso 10]>\n<mce:style><!    \/* Style Definitions *\/  table.MsoNormalTable \t{mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\"; \tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \tmso-style-noshow:yes; \tmso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; \tmso-para-margin:0cm; \tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:10.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-ansi-language:#0400; \tmso-fareast-language:#0400; \tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}  -->&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Empero,<span> <\/span>un art\u00edculo reciente tiene algo importante que puntualizar al respecto\u2026\u2026Se trata del titulado \u201cThe DING family of proteins: ubiquitous in eukaryotes, but where are the genes?\u201d por<span> <\/span>Anne Berna, Ken Scott , Eric Chabri\u00e8re , Fran\u00e7ois Bernier, publicado en la revista BioEssays Volume 31, Issue 5, Pages 570-580. 2009 y que a continuaci\u00f3n se comenta.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal<\/w:View> <w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21<\/w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning \/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas \/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false<\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false<\/w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false<\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables \/> <w:SnapToGridInCell \/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct \/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules \/> <w:DontGrowAutofit \/> <\/w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4<\/w:BrowserLevel> <\/w:WordDocument> <\/xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" LatentStyleCount=\"156\"> <\/w:LatentStyles> <\/xml><![endif]--><br \/>\n<!--   \/* Style Definitions *\/  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal \t{mso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmargin:0cm; \tmargin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:12.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} @page Section1 \t{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; \tmargin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; \tmso-header-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-footer-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 \t{page:Section1;} --><!--[if gte mso 10]>\n<mce:style><!    \/* Style Definitions *\/  table.MsoNormalTable \t{mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\"; \tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \tmso-style-noshow:yes; \tmso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; \tmso-para-margin:0cm; \tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:10.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-ansi-language:#0400; \tmso-fareast-language:#0400; \tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}  -->&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">El art\u00edculo describe las denominadas como PstS y DING que pertenecen a una superfamilia de prote\u00ednas secretadas que unen fosfato con alta afinidad. En Pseudomonas, las PstS son transportadoras de fosfato. En eucariotas, a pesar de haberse purificado m\u00e1s de treinta prote\u00ednas DING, no se ha encontrado ning\u00fan gen completo que codifique para ellas en las bases de datos. Ante este sorprendente resultado, los autores indican y discuten dos posibles alternativas:<\/p>\n<p><!--more--> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal<\/w:View> <w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21<\/w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning \/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas \/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false<\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false<\/w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false<\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables \/> <w:SnapToGridInCell \/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct \/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules \/> <w:DontGrowAutofit \/> <\/w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4<\/w:BrowserLevel> <\/w:WordDocument> <\/xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" LatentStyleCount=\"156\"> <\/w:LatentStyles> <\/xml><![endif]--><br \/>\n<!--   \/* Style Definitions *\/  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal \t{mso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmargin:0cm; \tmargin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:12.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} @page Section1 \t{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; \tmargin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; \tmso-header-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-footer-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 \t{page:Section1;} --><\/p>\n<p><!--[if gte mso 10]>\n<mce:style><!    \/* Style Definitions *\/  table.MsoNormalTable \t{mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\"; \tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \tmso-style-noshow:yes; \tmso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; \tmso-para-margin:0cm; \tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:10.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-ansi-language:#0400; \tmso-fareast-language:#0400; \tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}  --><\/p>\n<p><!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Primera, que las proteinas DING eucariotas se originen a partir de bacterias comensales o simbi\u00f3ticas no identificadas. Segunda, que est\u00e9n codificadas en genes eucari\u00f3ticos que puedan presentar aspectos peculiares impidiendo o haciendo dif\u00edcil su clonaci\u00f3n, tales como por ejemplo encontrarse en determinadas zonas cromos\u00f3micas de particular complejidad (heterocromatina). A este respecto se <span> <\/span>lee:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal<\/w:View> <w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21<\/w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning \/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas \/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false<\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false<\/w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false<\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables \/> <w:SnapToGridInCell \/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct \/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules \/> <w:DontGrowAutofit \/> <\/w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4<\/w:BrowserLevel> <\/w:WordDocument> <\/xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" LatentStyleCount=\"156\"> <\/w:LatentStyles> <\/xml><![endif]--><br \/>\n<!--   \/* Style Definitions *\/  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal \t{mso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmargin:0cm; \tmargin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:12.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink \t{\ttext-decoration:underline; \ttext-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed \t{color:purple; \ttext-decoration:underline; \ttext-underline:single;} @page Section1 \t{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; \tmargin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; \tmso-header-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-footer-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 \t{page:Section1;} --><\/p>\n<p><!--[if gte mso 10]>\n<mce:style><!    \/* Style Definitions *\/  table.MsoNormalTable \t{mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\"; \tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \tmso-style-noshow:yes; \tmso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; \tmso-para-margin:0cm; \tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:10.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-ansi-language:#0400; \tmso-fareast-language:#0400; \tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}  --><\/p>\n<p><!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<div style=\"border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000; padding: 5px; float: left; width: 200px; height: 200px;\">\n<h2>not a single metazoan chromosome has been sequenced entirely<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000; padding: 5px; float: right; width: 200px; height: 200px;\">\n<h2>ning\u00fan cromosoma de animales o plantas se ha secuenciado completo<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Although it is believed that most of the euchromatin in the model eukaryotic genomes has now been determined, not a single metazoan chromosome has been sequenced entirely,[<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www3.interscience.wiley.com\/cgi-bin\/fulltext\/122314338\/main.html,ftx_abs#BIB57\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">57<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"EN-GB\">] and recent reports provide evidence that there are still many unknown genes, as for example in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.[<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www3.interscience.wiley.com\/cgi-bin\/fulltext\/122314338\/main.html,ftx_abs#BIB58\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">58<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"EN-GB\">][<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16455359\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">59<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"EN-GB\">] Numerous gaps also still remain in the human genome, which are now known to contain genes.[<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www3.interscience.wiley.com\/cgi-bin\/fulltext\/122314338\/main.html,ftx_abs#BIB60\">60<\/a>]<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Que traduzco:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Aunque se cree que la mayor\u00eda de la eucromatina en los  genomas de eucariotas-modelo ha sido secuenciada, ni un solo cromosoma de metazoos ha sido secuenciado por completo, [57] y los recientes informes proporcionan evidencia de que todav\u00eda hay muchos genes desconocidos, como por ejemplo en el planta modelo Arabidopsis thaliana. [58] [59] tambi\u00e9n numerosas lagunas permanecen a\u00fan en el genoma humano, que ahora se sabe que contienen genes.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<div><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal<\/w:View> <w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21<\/w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning \/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas \/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false<\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false<\/w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false<\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables \/> <w:SnapToGridInCell \/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct \/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules \/> <w:DontGrowAutofit \/> <\/w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4<\/w:BrowserLevel> <\/w:WordDocument> <\/xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" LatentStyleCount=\"156\"> <\/w:LatentStyles> <\/xml><![endif]--><br \/>\n<!--   \/* Style Definitions *\/  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal \t{mso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmargin:0cm; \tmargin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:12.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} @page Section1 \t{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; \tmargin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; \tmso-header-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-footer-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 \t{page:Section1;} --><!--[if gte mso 10]>\n<mce:style><!    \/* Style Definitions *\/  table.MsoNormalTable \t{mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\"; \tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \tmso-style-noshow:yes; \tmso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; \tmso-para-margin:0cm; \tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:10.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-ansi-language:#0400; \tmso-fareast-language:#0400; \tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}  -->&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">No es la primera vez que un art\u00edculo da cuenta de este tipo de fen\u00f3menos. El propio art\u00edculo cita dos ejemplos en sus referencias 58 y <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16455359\">59<\/a>. El primero es un caso curioso que merece rese\u00f1a a parte : En su trabajo titulado\u201cOrphan transcripts in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/em>: identification of several hundred previously unrecognized genes\u201d , Diego Mauricio<span> <\/span>Ria\u00f1o-Pach\u00f3n<span> <\/span>, Ingo<span> <\/span>Dreyer<span> <\/span>y Bernd<span> <\/span>Mueller-Roeber analizan y comparan con secuencias gen\u00f3micas de Arabidopsis 178.292 ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags), encontr\u00e1ndose nuevos transcritos codificados en <span> <\/span>loci para los que previamente no se hab\u00eda descrito actividad transcripcional. Esto es interesante pero hay cosas que todav\u00eda lo son m\u00e1s:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">En el curso de su trabajo, \u00e9stos<span> <\/span>autores encuentran 1638 secuencias correspondientes a ESTs que no pueden localizar en las bases de datos y, a las que, en consecuencia\u2026\u2026\u00a1\u00a1\u00a1\u00a1excluyen de su an\u00e1lisis !!!! <span lang=\"EN-GB\">(<em>The remaining 1638 sequences that could not be localized accurately were excluded from further analysis<\/em>). <\/span>Es decir, no s\u00f3lo no se ha secuenciado ning\u00fan genoma eucari\u00f3tico completo sino que se sabe muy bien que existen secuencias que eluden a los programas de secuenciaci\u00f3n de genomas y cuando aparecen, son ignoradas o evitadas. \u00bfTendr\u00e1 esto alguna importancia?<\/p>\n<p><em> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em> <\/em>Referencias<em> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(Corresponden al art\u00edculo de Berna et al.):<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em> <\/em> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal<\/w:View> <w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21<\/w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning \/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas \/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false<\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false<\/w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false<\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables \/> <w:SnapToGridInCell \/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct \/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules \/> <w:DontGrowAutofit \/> <\/w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4<\/w:BrowserLevel> <\/w:WordDocument> <\/xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" LatentStyleCount=\"156\"> <\/w:LatentStyles> <\/xml><![endif]--><br \/>\n<!--   \/* Style Definitions *\/  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal \t{mso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmargin:0cm; \tmargin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:12.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} @page Section1 \t{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; \tmargin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; \tmso-header-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-footer-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 \t{page:Section1;} --><\/p>\n<p><!--[if gte mso 10]>\n<mce:style><!    \/* Style Definitions *\/  table.MsoNormalTable \t{mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\"; \tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \tmso-style-noshow:yes; \tmso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; \tmso-para-margin:0cm; \tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:10.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-ansi-language:#0400; \tmso-fareast-language:#0400; \tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}  --><\/p>\n<p><!--[endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal<\/w:View> <w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21<\/w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning \/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas \/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false<\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false<\/w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false<\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables \/> <w:SnapToGridInCell \/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct \/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules \/> <w:DontGrowAutofit \/> <\/w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4<\/w:BrowserLevel> <\/w:WordDocument> <\/xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" LatentStyleCount=\"156\"> <\/w:LatentStyles> <\/xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><span class=\"mceItemObject\"   classid=\"clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D\" id=ieooui><\/span>\n<mce:style><!   st1\\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) }  --><\/p>\n<p><!--[endif]--><br \/>\n<!--   \/* Style Definitions *\/  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal \t{mso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmargin:0cm; \tmargin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:12.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} @page Section1 \t{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; \tmargin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; \tmso-header-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-footer-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 \t{page:Section1;} --><\/p>\n<p><!--[if gte mso 10]>\n<mce:style><!    \/* Style Definitions *\/  table.MsoNormalTable \t{mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\"; \tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \tmso-style-noshow:yes; \tmso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; \tmso-para-margin:0cm; \tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:10.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-ansi-language:#0400; \tmso-fareast-language:#0400; \tmso-bidi-language:#0400;}  --><\/p>\n<p><!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">57<span> <\/span>Smith, C. D., Shu, S., Mungall, C. J. and Karpen, G. H., The release 5.1 annotation of Drosophila melanogaster heterochromatin. Science 2007. 316: 1586-1591. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">58<span> <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www3.interscience.wiley.com\/cgi-bin\/fulltext\/118705459\/PDFSTART\">Riano-Pachon, D. M., Dreyer, I. and Mueller-Roeber, B., Orphan transcripts in Arabidopsis thaliana: Identification of several hundred previously-unrecognised genes. Plant J 2005. 43: 205-212. <\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">59<span> <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16455359\">de Diego, J. G., Rodriguez, F. D., Rodriguez Lorenzo, J. L., Grappin, P. and Cervantes, E., cDNA-AFLP analysis of seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana identifies transposons and new genomic sequences. <\/a><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16455359\">J Plant Physiol 2006. 163: 452-462.<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"DE\">60<span> <\/span>Bovee, D., Zhou, Y., Haugen, E., Wu, Z., Hayden, H. S., et al. <\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Closing gaps in the human genome with fosmid resources generated from multiple individuals. <\/span>Nat Genet 2008. 40: 96-101.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"color: #cc9933;\"><strong>Blogalaxia:<\/strong> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blogalaxia.com\/tags\/gen%C3%B3mica\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">gen\u00f3mica<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blogalaxia.com\/tags\/secuenciaci%C3%B3n+de+genomas\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">secuenciaci\u00f3n de genomas<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blogalaxia.com\/tags\/genomas+secuenciados\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">genomas secuenciados<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blogalaxia.com\/tags\/secuencias+del+genoma+no+identificadas\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">secuencias del genoma no identificadas<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blogalaxia.com\/tags\/huecos+en+el+genoma\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">huecos en el genoma<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blogalaxia.com\/tags\/proteinas+hu%C3%A9rfanas\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">proteinas hu\u00e9rfanas<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blogalaxia.com\/tags\/ESTs+hu%C3%A9rfanos\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">ESTs hu\u00e9rfanos<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blogalaxia.com\/tags\/genomas+completos\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">genomas completos<\/span><\/a> ~ <strong>Technorati:<\/strong> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.technorati.com\/tag\/gen%C3%B3mica\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">gen\u00f3mica<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.technorati.com\/tag\/secuenciaci%C3%B3n+de+genomas\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">secuenciaci\u00f3n de genomas<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.technorati.com\/tag\/genomas+secuenciados\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">genomas secuenciados<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.technorati.com\/tag\/secuencias+del+genoma+no+identificadas\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">secuencias del genoma no identificadas<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.technorati.com\/tag\/huecos+en+el+genoma\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">huecos en el genoma<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.technorati.com\/tag\/proteinas+hu%C3%A9rfanas\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">proteinas hu\u00e9rfanas<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.technorati.com\/tag\/ESTs+hu%C3%A9rfanos\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">ESTs hu\u00e9rfanos<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.technorati.com\/tag\/genomas+completos\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">genomas completos<\/span><\/a> ~ <strong>AgregaX:<\/strong> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.agregax.es\/etiquetas\/?q=gen%C3%B3mica\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">gen\u00f3mica<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.agregax.es\/etiquetas\/?q=secuenciaci%C3%B3n+de+genomas\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">secuenciaci\u00f3n de genomas<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.agregax.es\/etiquetas\/?q=genomas+secuenciados\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">genomas secuenciados<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.agregax.es\/etiquetas\/?q=secuencias+del+genoma+no+identificadas\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">secuencias del genoma no identificadas<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.agregax.es\/etiquetas\/?q=huecos+en+el+genoma\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">huecos en el genoma<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.agregax.es\/etiquetas\/?q=proteinas+hu%C3%A9rfanas\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">proteinas hu\u00e9rfanas<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.agregax.es\/etiquetas\/?q=ESTs+hu%C3%A9rfanos\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">ESTs hu\u00e9rfanos<\/span><\/a> <a rel=\"tag\" href=\"http:\/\/www.agregax.es\/etiquetas\/?q=genomas+completos\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; color: #999999;\">genomas completos<\/span><\/a><\/h6>\n<p><a class=\"a2a_dd\" href=\"http:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/share_save?linkname=Biolog%C3%ADa%20y%20pensamiento&amp;linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fweblogs.madrimasd.org%2Fbiologia_pensamiento%2F\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/static.addtoany.com\/buttons\/share_save_171_16.png\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Share\/Bookmark\" width=\"171\" height=\"16\" \/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\/\/ <![CDATA[\na2a_linkname=\"Biolog\u00eda y pensamiento\";a2a_linkurl=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/biologia_pensamiento\/\";\n\/\/ ]]><\/script><script src=\"http:\/\/static.addtoany.com\/menu\/page.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; El popular y controvertido bolet\u00edn de noticias de Madrimasd nos indicaba recientemente los que, a juicio del prestigioso Instituto Smithsoniano ser\u00edan mayores acontecimientos cient\u00edficos de la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada. El primero de ellos era el siguiente: &nbsp; 1- La secuenciaci\u00f3n del genoma humano: La secuenciaci\u00f3n del genoma se ha convertido en algo bastante com\u00fan, con nuevas especies que los cient\u00edficos a\u00f1aden poco a poco a la lista (el genoma del ma\u00edz ha sido hecho p\u00fablico hace un par de semanas). Pero, sin duda, el m\u00e1s importante fue la del genoma humano, completada en 2003, que dio a los investigadores\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[467,303,489,461,443],"tags":[256,22687,22661],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130900"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=130900"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":131626,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130900\/revisions\/131626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=130900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=130900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=130900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}