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Contin\u00faa\u00a0 aqu\u00ed\u00a0 el art\u00edculo titulado \u201cEconom\u00eda sem\u00e1ntica para la manipulaci\u00f3n del conocimiento: la palabra Evoluci\u00f3n y su uso como trampa en \u201cOn the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life\u201d\u201d. El comienzo de este art\u00edculo se encuentra aqu\u00ed<\/a>. El art\u00edculo completo aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n 4. Segundo p\u00e1rrafo: M\u00e1s confusi\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n Dos p\u00e1rrafos m\u00e1s adelante encontramos m\u00e1s confusi\u00f3n en un largo p\u00e1rrafo:<\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n Everyone who believes in slow and g<\/em>radual evolution, will of course admit that specific changes may have been as abrupt and as great as any single variation which we meet with under nature, or even under domestication. But as species are more variable when domesticated or cultivated than under their natural conditions, it is not probable that such great and abrupt variations have often occurred under nature, as are known occasionally to arise under domestication. Of these latter variations several may be attributed to reversion; and the characters which thus reappear were, it is probable, in many cases at first gained in a gradual manner. A still greater number must be called monstrosities, such as six-fingered men, porcupine men, Ancon sheep, Niata cattle, etc.; and as they are widely different in character from natural species, they throw very little light on our subject. Excluding such cases of abrupt variations, the few which remain would at best constitute, if found in a state of nature, doubtful species, closely related to their parental types.<\/em><\/p>\n Largo p\u00e1rrafo cuya primera frase es incomprensible:<\/p>\n Everyone who believes in slow and gradual evolution, will of course admit that specific changes may have been as abrupt and as great as any single variation which we meet with under nature, or even under domestication<\/em><\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n \u00bfQu\u00e9 significa to believe in slow and gradual evolution? \u00bf<\/em>Qu\u00e9 significa specific changes? \u00bf<\/em>Qu\u00e9 extra\u00f1a relaci\u00f3n puede haber entre slow and gradual evolution <\/em>en la primera parte y as abrupt and as great as any single variation, <\/em>en la segunda?, \u00bfAcaso no es slow and gradual<\/em>, lo contrario de as abrupt and as great<\/em>?<\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n A continuaci\u00f3n una confusa frase con tres part\u00edculas de probabilidad en dos l\u00edneas:<\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n Of these latter variations several may be<\/span> attributed to reversion; and the characters which thus reappear were, it is probable<\/span>, in many cases<\/span> at first gained in a gradual manner<\/em><\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n Pero el objetivo lo vemos m\u00e1s claro en el an\u00e1lisis del tercer p\u00e1rrafo.<\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n 5. Tercer p\u00e1rrafo: La trampa ha funcionado<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n M\u00e1s adelante en el mismo cap\u00edtulo nos encontramos:<\/p>\n My reasons for doubting whether natural species have changed as abruptly as have occasionally domestic races, and for entirely disbelieving that they have changed in the wonderful manner indicated by Mr. Mivart, are as follows. According to our experience, abrupt and strongly marked variations occur in our domesticated productions, singly and at rather long intervals of time. If such occurred under nature, they would be liable, as formerly explained, to be lost by accidental causes of destruction and by subsequent intercrossing; and so it is known to be under domestication, unless abrupt variations of this kind are specially preserved and separated by the care of man. Hence, in order that a new species should suddenly appear in the manner supposed by Mr. Mivart, it is almost necessary to believe, in opposition to all analogy, that several wonderfully changed individuals appeared simultaneously within the same district. This difficulty, as in the case of unconscious selection by man, is avoided on the theory of gradual evolution, through the preservation of a large number of individuals, which varied more or less in any favourable direction, and of the destruction of a large number which varied in an opposite manner.<\/em><\/p>\n Aqu\u00ed el autor expresa sus razones para dudar que las especies hayan cambiado abruptamente y no creer en procesos espectaculares como los que propone Mivart. Su an\u00e1lisis muestra el uso de expresiones indefinidas (abrupt, abruptly, suddenly<\/em>), subjetivas (wonderful manner, wonderfully<\/em>) o de verbos poco apropiados en un texto cient\u00edfico (believe<\/em>, disbelieve<\/em>).<\/p>\n El argumento prometido es incompleto, inconsistente por referirse continuamente a las variaciones en estado de domesticaci\u00f3n, y remite a otras partes de la obra:<\/p>\n If such occurred under nature, they would be liable, as formerly explained, to be lost by accidental causes of destruction and by subsequent intercrossing<\/em><\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n Lo importante es que el p\u00e1rrafo ha cumplido su misi\u00f3n. El concepto tan s\u00f3lido que era evoluci\u00f3n se ha convertido ahora en otro: <\/strong>theory of gradual evolution (by natural selection, of course). <\/em>La trampa ha funcionado.<\/p>\n Continuar\u00e1…………….<\/p>\n El art\u00edculo completo se encuentra aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n Contin\u00faa\u00a0 aqu\u00ed\u00a0 el art\u00edculo titulado \u201cEconom\u00eda sem\u00e1ntica para la manipulaci\u00f3n del conocimiento: la palabra Evoluci\u00f3n y su uso como trampa en \u201cOn the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life\u201d\u201d. El comienzo de este art\u00edculo se encuentra aqu\u00ed. El art\u00edculo completo aqu\u00ed. \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4 4. Segundo p\u00e1rrafo: M\u00e1s confusi\u00f3n Dos p\u00e1rrafos m\u00e1s adelante encontramos m\u00e1s confusi\u00f3n en un largo p\u00e1rrafo: Everyone who believes in slow and gradual evolution, will of course admit that specific changes may have been as abrupt and as great as any single variation which we\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[467,488,501,1,521],"tags":[22760,6710,2977],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132398"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=132398"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":132401,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132398\/revisions\/132401"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=132398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=132398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=132398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Blogalaxia:<\/strong> Darwin<\/span><\/a> darwinismo<\/span><\/a> m\u00e1quina incapaz de distinguir<\/span><\/a> evoluci\u00f3n<\/span><\/a> selecci\u00f3n natural<\/span><\/a> degradaci\u00f3n sem\u00e1ntica<\/span><\/a> econom\u00eda sem\u00e1ntica<\/span><\/a> fantasma sem\u00e1ntico<\/span><\/a> trampa sem\u00e1ntica<\/span><\/a> manipulaci\u00f3n del conocimiento<\/span><\/a> ~ Technorati:<\/strong> Darwin<\/span><\/a> darwinismo<\/span><\/a> m\u00e1quina incapaz de distinguir<\/span><\/a> evoluci\u00f3n<\/span><\/a> selecci\u00f3n natural<\/span><\/a> degradaci\u00f3n sem\u00e1ntica<\/span><\/a> econom\u00eda sem\u00e1ntica<\/span><\/a> fantasma sem\u00e1ntico<\/span><\/a> trampa sem\u00e1ntica<\/span><\/a> manipulaci\u00f3n del conocimiento<\/span><\/a> ~ AgregaX:<\/strong> Darwin<\/span><\/a> darwinismo<\/span><\/a> m\u00e1quina incapaz de distinguir<\/span><\/a> evoluci\u00f3n<\/span><\/a> selecci\u00f3n natural<\/span><\/a> degradaci\u00f3n sem\u00e1ntica<\/span><\/a> econom\u00eda sem\u00e1ntica<\/span><\/a> fantasma sem\u00e1ntico<\/span><\/a> trampa sem\u00e1ntica<\/span><\/a> manipulaci\u00f3n del conocimiento<\/span><\/a><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"