![\"\"](\"http:\/\/farm4.static.flickr.com\/3105\/3215578094_529ea88f57.jpg?v=0\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Corr\u00ed hasta el quiosco de peri\u00f3dicos m\u00e1s cercano y busqu\u00e9 todo lo que hab\u00eda sobre la crisis petrolera y los peligros de la energ\u00eda nuclear. Acababa de decidir comprar un billete a\u00e9reo para ir a Nueva York.<\/p>\n
-Vaya mundo en el que vivimos, \u00bfverdad? -el propietario era un negro delgado de mala dentadura y evidente peluca. Asent\u00ed, buscando monedas en los bolsillos del pantal\u00f3n, deseando encontrar un banco de parque donde poder sumergirme en la dura evidencia de la casi distop\u00eda humana en que vivimos-.<\/em><\/p>\n – Pero podr\u00eda ser peor, \u00bfverdad?<\/em><\/p>\n -As\u00ed es -dije-, o peor a\u00fan, podr\u00eda ser perfecto.<\/em><\/p>\n El hombre se qued\u00f3 mir\u00e1ndome mientras me alejaba por la calle con mi peque\u00f1o fajo de cat\u00e1strofes condensadas.<\/p>\n W. Gibson. El cont\u00ednuo de Gernsback<\/em><\/p>\n **********************************************************************************<\/p>\n Por encima de los doce o catorce significados diferentes que Darwin da en su obra principal a la Selecci\u00f3n Natural (causa de extinci\u00f3n, medio de modificaci\u00f3n,\u00a0 proceso general,\u00a0 agente,\u00a0 poder o fuerza, preservaci\u00f3n de caracteres, expresi\u00f3n de la bondad, agente y modificador autorizado,\u00a0 supervivencia del m\u00e1s apto,\u00a0 etc\u00e9tera) y tambi\u00e9n por encima de la otra docena de significados adicionales que han venido dando los darwinistas a lo largo de la historia (ley, hip\u00f3tesis, teor\u00eda, explicaci\u00f3n, teorema, mecanismo, dise\u00f1o sin dise\u00f1ador);\u00a0 pues bien,\u00a0 digo: por encima de todo ello planea otro significado de \u00edndole principal…..<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Encontramos en la obra de Darwin una idea fundamental. \u00a0En lo m\u00e1s alto y por encima de estos veintitantos significados diferentes yace oculta la clave de todo el darwinismo: el \u00a0profundo y m\u00e1s verdadero significado del t\u00e9rmino Selecci\u00f3n Natural\u00a0 \u00bfCu\u00e1l?<\/p>\n Iva Mendes lo describ\u00eda hace poco \u00a0en su blog humor darwinista en una entrada titulada en portugu\u00e9s \u201cSele\u00e7\u00e3o Natural como agente aperfei\u00e7oador<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n Muchos son los p\u00e1rrafos de la obra capital de Darwin en los que se expresa esta idea de la Selecci\u00f3n Natural como Agente Perfeccionador o en espa\u00f1ol, Agente Mejorador.<\/p>\n Una treintena de tales p\u00e1rrafos se muestran en la referida entrada del blog Humor Darwinista<\/a>. Todos contienen las palabras aperfei\u00e7oar, aperfei\u00e7oamento ,\u00a0 aperfei\u00e7oadas y relativas, con jugosos comentarios en portugu\u00e9s.\u00a0 La traducci\u00f3n de improve (d) del original ingl\u00e9s al espa\u00f1ol, mejorar (mejorado,s)\u00a0 da\u00a0 idea de cu\u00e1nto se parece para Darwin la Naturaleza a una granja y de paso nos acerca a un tema delicado y que deber\u00e1 ser objeto de un an\u00e1lisis detallado, pero cuya descripci\u00f3n apenas ha hecho sino empezar:\u00a0 El escaso o nulo respeto del darwinismo por la Naturaleza.<\/p>\n Todos los ejemplos que aqu\u00ed siguen proceden el Cap\u00edtulo cuarto de la obra, precisamente titulado NATURAL SELECTION; OR THE SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST del que destacamos algunos p\u00e1rrafos que en su versi\u00f3n original en ingl\u00e9s, ponen bien de manifiesto este meta-significado de transcendental importancia: Hay algo en la Naturaleza, un no-s\u00e9-qu\u00e9, una meta-fuerza que tiene esa finalidad de mejorarla constantemente: La Selecci\u00f3n Natural.<\/p>\n Ejemplo 1:<\/p>\n This preservation of favourable individual differences and variations, and the destruction of those which are injurious, I have called Natural Selection, or the Survival of the Fittest. Variations neither useful nor injurious would not be affected by natural selection, and would be left either a fluctuating element, as perhaps we see in certain polymorphic species, or would ultimately become fixed, owing to the nature of the organism and the nature of the conditions.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 2:<\/p>\n In such cases, slight modifications, which in any way favoured the individuals of any species, by better adapting them to their altered conditions, would tend to be preserved; and natural selection would have free scope for the work of improvement.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 3:<\/p>\n As man can produce, and certainly has produced, a great result by his methodical and unconscious means of selection, what may not natural selection effect? Man can act only on external and visible characters: Nature, if I may be allowed to personify the natural preservation or survival of the fittest, cares nothing for appearances, except in so far as they are useful to any being.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 4:<\/p>\n It may metaphorically be said that natural selection is daily and hourly scrutinising, throughout the world, the slightest variations; rejecting those that are bad, preserving and adding up all that are good; silently and insensibly working, WHENEVER AND WHEREVER OPPORTUNITY OFFERS, at the improvement of each organic being in relation to its organic and inorganic conditions of life.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 5<\/p>\n Although natural selection can act only through and for the good of each being, yet characters and structures, which we are apt to consider as of very trifling importance, may thus be acted on<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 6<\/p>\n Hence natural selection might be effective in giving the proper colour to each kind of grouse, and in keeping that colour, when once acquired, true and constant.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 7<\/p>\n so in a state of nature natural selection will be enabled to act on and modify organic beings at any age, by the accumulation of variations profitable at that age, and by their inheritance at a corresponding age\u2026\u2026\u2026.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 8<\/p>\n So, conversely, modifications in the adult may affect the structure of the larva; but in all cases natural selection will ensure that they shall not be injurious: for if they were so, the species would become extinct.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 9<\/p>\n Natural selection will modify the structure of the young in relation to the parent and of the parent in relation to the young. In social animals it will adapt the structure of each individual for the benefit of the whole community<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 10<\/p>\n A structure used only once in an animal’s life, if of high importance to it, might be modified to any extent by natural selection;<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 11<\/p>\n Natural selection acts only by the preservation and accumulation of small inherited modifications, each profitable to the preserved being; and as modern geology has almost banished such views as the excavation of a great valley by a single diluvial wave, so will natural selection banish the belief of the continued creation of new organic beings, or of any great and sudden modification in their structure.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 12<\/p>\n and through natural selection which will destroy any individuals departing from the proper type.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 13<\/p>\n If the conditions of life change and the form undergoes modification, uniformity of character can be given to the modified offspring, solely by natural selection preserving similar favourable variations.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 14<\/p>\n and again there will have been a fair field for natural selection to improve still further the inhabitants, and thus to produce new species.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 15<\/p>\n I think it inevitably follows, that as new species in the course of time are formed through natural selection, others will become rarer and rarer, and finally extinct.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 16<\/p>\n As in each fully stocked country natural selection necessarily acts by the selected form having some advantage in the struggle for life over other forms, there will be a constant tendency in the improved descendants of any one species to supplant and exterminate in each stage of descent their predecessors and their original progenitor.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 17<\/p>\n for as natural selection acts through one form having some advantage over other forms in the struggle for existence<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 18<\/p>\n Natural selection acts exclusively by the preservation and accumulation of variations, which are beneficial under the organic and inorganic conditions to which each creature is exposed at all periods of life<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 19<\/p>\n natural selection clearly leads towards this standard: for all physiologists admit that the specialisation of organs, inasmuch as in this state they perform their functions better, is an advantage to each being; and hence the accumulation of variations tending towards specialisation is within the scope of natural selection<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 20<\/p>\n it is quite possible for natural selection gradually to fit a being to a situation in which several organs would be superfluous or useless<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 21<\/p>\n On our theory the continued existence of lowly organisms offers no difficulty; for natural selection, or the survival of the fittest, does not necessarily include progressive development–it only takes advantage of such variations as arise and are beneficial to each creature under its complex relations of life.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 22<\/p>\n If it were no advantage, these forms would be left, by natural selection, unimproved or but little improved, and might remain for indefinite ages in their present lowly condition.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 23<\/p>\n In some cases variations or individual differences of a favourable nature may never have arisen for natural selection to act on and accumulate.<\/em><\/p>\n Ejemplo 24<\/p>\n This preservation of favourable individual differences and variations, and the destruction of those which are injurious, I have called Natural Selection, or the Survival of the Fittest<\/em><\/p>\n Y finalmente la \u00faltima que indiscutiblemente da sentido al lote:<\/p>\n Ejemplo 25<\/p>\n And as natural selection works solely by and for the good of each being, all corporeal and mental endowments will tend to progress towards perfection.<\/em><\/p>\n Para Darwin y\u00a0 el darwinismo,\u00a0 la Naturaleza es una granja.\u00a0 Podr\u00edamos\u00a0 pensar que el granjero est\u00e1 de\u00a0 vacaciones y que todo mejora paulatinamente por acci\u00f3n de la Selecci\u00f3n Natural. Libre de toda vigilancia, la Selecci\u00f3n Natural\u00a0 obra para el mejoramiento de todos los seres.\u00a0 Si surge un problema, entonces mejor, toda dificultad ser\u00e1 tomada como prueba a favor de la Selecci\u00f3n Natural. Por ejemplo si en las series de f\u00f3siles no hay formas de transici\u00f3n, eso ser\u00e1 la prueba de su existencia:\u00a0 Credo quia absurdum, \u00bfLes suena?<\/p>\n El profesor Thompson lo explicaba asi de bien:<\/p>\n Darwin did not show in the <\/em>Origin that species had originated by natural selection; he merely showed, on the basis of certain facts and assumptions, how this might have happened, and as he had convinced himself he was able to convince others.<\/em><\/p>\n Referencias<\/strong><\/p>\n Darwin, Charles.\u00a0 On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Sexta edici\u00f3n en Project Gutenberg<\/a>.<\/p>\n Thompson, W.R., \u00abIntroduction,\u00bb in Darwin C.R., \u00abThe Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection,\u00bb Sixth Edition, 1872, Everyman’s Library, J.M. Dent & Sons: London, 1967, reprint, p.xi.<\/p>\n Bibliograf\u00eda (sin peligro de extinci\u00f3n por el momento)<\/p>\n On the Origin of Species By Means of Natural Selection, or, the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Sexta edici\u00f3n en biblioteca Gutenberg.<\/p>\n http:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/2009\/2009.txt<\/p>\n Imagen tomada\u00a0 de Flickr<\/a><\/p>\n Corr\u00ed hasta el quiosco de peri\u00f3dicos m\u00e1s cercano y busqu\u00e9 todo lo que hab\u00eda sobre la crisis petrolera y los peligros de la energ\u00eda nuclear. Acababa de decidir comprar un billete a\u00e9reo para ir a Nueva York. -Vaya mundo en el que vivimos, \u00bfverdad? -el propietario era un negro delgado de mala dentadura y evidente peluca. Asent\u00ed, buscando monedas en los bolsillos del pantal\u00f3n, deseando encontrar un banco de parque donde poder sumergirme en la dura evidencia de la casi distop\u00eda humana en que vivimos-. – Pero podr\u00eda ser peor, \u00bfverdad? -As\u00ed es -dije-, o peor a\u00fan, podr\u00eda ser perfecto.\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[467,541,449,488,498,501,494,521],"tags":[22760,6710],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132496"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=132496"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132496\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":132667,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132496\/revisions\/132667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=132496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=132496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=132496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Blogalaxia:<\/strong> Darwin<\/span><\/a> darwinismo<\/span><\/a> selecci\u00f3n natural<\/span><\/a> eugenesia<\/span><\/a> Fantasma sem\u00e1ntico<\/span><\/a> fundamentalismo darwinista<\/span><\/a> fundamentalismo cient\u00edfico<\/span><\/a> ~ Technorati:<\/strong> Darwin<\/span><\/a> darwinismo<\/span><\/a> selecci\u00f3n natural<\/span><\/a> eugenesia<\/span><\/a> Fantasma sem\u00e1ntico<\/span><\/a> fundamentalismo darwinista<\/span><\/a> fundamentalismo cient\u00edfico<\/span><\/a> ~ AgregaX:<\/strong> Darwin<\/span><\/a> darwinismo<\/span><\/a> selecci\u00f3n natural<\/span><\/a> eugenesia<\/span><\/a> Fantasma sem\u00e1ntico<\/span><\/a> fundamentalismo darwinista<\/span><\/a> fundamentalismo cient\u00edfico<\/span><\/a><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"