{"id":135498,"date":"2012-11-13T08:00:12","date_gmt":"2012-11-13T06:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/?p=135498"},"modified":"2023-10-27T07:53:26","modified_gmt":"2023-10-27T05:53:26","slug":"criticos-de-darwin-l","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/2012\/11\/13\/135498","title":{"rendered":"Cr\u00edticos de Darwin: L"},"content":{"rendered":"

L<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Leguizam\u00f3n, Ra\u00fal Osvaldo<\/strong><\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

La biolog\u00eda moderna no le debe absolutamente nada- excepto atraso-a la evoluci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

 La ciencia dej\u00f3 de ser la b\u00fasqueda de la verdad para transformarse en la b\u00fasqueda de una explicaci\u00f3n materialista para todo fen\u00f3meno de la naturaleza.<\/p>\n

 Lo que hay es un sentido \u201coficial\u201d o \u201ccan\u00f3nico\u201d o \u201cestablecido\u201d al respecto, pero ello se debe a que la mayor\u00eda de los investigadores aceptan \u2013consciente o inconscientemente\u2013 el darwinismo y a partir de all\u00ed interpretan los hallazgos.<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Lewin, Roger<\/h1>\n

The central question of the Chicago conference was whether the mechanisms underlying microevolution can be extrapolated to explain the phenomena of macroevolution. At the risk of doing violence to the positions of some of the people at the meeting, the answer can be given as a clear No.   <\/em><\/p>\n

Science  November 21 1980  p. 883.<\/p>\n

\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Lewontin, Richard (1929-    )<\/h1>\n

Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection in particular is hopelessly metaphysical, according to the rules of etiquette laid down in the Logic of Scientific Inquiry and widely believed in by practicing scientists who bother to think about the problem. The first rule for any scientific hypothesis ought to be that it is at least possible to conceive of an observation that would contradict the theory. For what good is a theory that is guaranteed by its internal logical structure to agree with all conceivable observations, irrespective of the real structure of the world? If scientists are going to use logically unbeatable theories about the world, they might as well give up natural science and take up religion. Yet is that not exactly the situation with regard to Darwinism? The theory of evolution by natural selection states that changes in the inherited characters of species occur, giving rise to differentiation in space and time, because different genetical types leave different numbers of offspring in different environments… Such a theory can never be falsified, for it asserts that some environmental difference created the conditions for natural selection of a new character. It is existentially quantified so that the failure to find the environmental factor proves nothing, except that one has not looked hard enough. Can one really imagine observations about nature that would disprove natural selection as a cause of the difference in bill size? The theory of natural selection is then revealed as metaphysical rather than scientific. Natural selection explains nothing because it explains everything.   <\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cTesting the Theory of Natural Selection\u201d  Nature  March 24, 1972  p.181<\/p>\n

(La teor\u00eda de Darwin de la evoluci\u00f3n por selecci\u00f3n natural, en particular, es irremediablemente metaf\u00edsica, de acuerdo con las reglas de etiqueta establecidos en la l\u00f3gica de la investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica y la creencia generalizada en la pr\u00e1ctica por los cient\u00edficos que se molestan en pensar en el problema. La primera regla para cualquier hip\u00f3tesis cient\u00edfica debe ser que por lo menos es posible concebir una observaci\u00f3n que estar\u00eda en contradicci\u00f3n con la teor\u00eda. \u00bfPara qu\u00e9 sirve una teor\u00eda que ha sido garantizada por su estructura l\u00f3gica interna que ha de estar de acuerdo con todas las observaciones concebibles, con independencia de la estructura real del mundo? Si los cient\u00edficos van a utilizar teor\u00edas l\u00f3gicamente inmejorables sobre el mundo, bien podr\u00edan renunciar a la ciencia natural y ocuparse de la religi\u00f3n. Sin embargo, \u00bfno es exactamente esta la situaci\u00f3n con respecto al darwinismo? La teor\u00eda de la evoluci\u00f3n por selecci\u00f3n natural establece que ocurren cambios en los caracteres heredados de las especies , dando lugar a la diferenciaci\u00f3n en el espacio y el tiempo, debido a que de diferentes tipos gen\u00e9ticos pueden salir diferentes n\u00fameros de descendientes en diferentes ambientes … Tal teor\u00eda no puede ser falseada, ya que afirma que una cierta diferencia ambiental crea las condiciones para la selecci\u00f3n natural de un nuevo caracter. Se  cuantifica existencialmente de modo que el hecho de no encontrar el factor ambiental no prueba nada, excepto que uno no ha mirado lo suficiente. \u00bfSe puede realmente imaginar observaciones acerca de la naturaleza que refuten la selecci\u00f3n natural como causa de la diferencia en el tama\u00f1o del pico? La teor\u00eda de la selecci\u00f3n natural se revela como algo metaf\u00edsico m\u00e1s que cient\u00edfico. La selecci\u00f3n natural no explica nada porque lo  explica todo.<\/p>\n

\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Lima de Faria, Antonio (1921-    )<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

There has never been a theory of evolution<\/em><\/h1>\n

(Nunca hubo una teor\u00eda de la evoluci\u00f3n)<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

La selecci\u00f3n es un concepto pol\u00edtico,  no cient\u00edfico. En la \u00e9poca de Darwin,  con la plena expansi\u00f3n del colonialismo de la Inglaterra victoriana, tal concepto encajaba a la perfecci\u00f3n. En la actualidad, el darwinismo se ha equiparado con la evoluci\u00f3n, en un esfuerzo para convertirlo en el brazo ideol\u00f3gico de la globalizaci\u00f3n. Por esta raz\u00f3n, seguir\u00e1 siendo una fuerza poderosa hasta que este sistema sea re-emplazado por una forma m\u00e1s humanitaria de desarrollo econ\u00f3mico.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nada mejor que la selecci\u00f3n, ya que puede \u00abexplicar\u00bb igual de bien una determinada situaci\u00f3n como su estado opuesto. Este es el motivo por el cual hay interpretaciones darwinistas, tantas como sean los autores. El resultado es una confusi\u00f3n total.<\/p>\n

( Fragmentos seleccionados de la entrevista de Suzan Mazur a Antonio Lima de Faria)<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

L\u00f3pez Corredoira, Mart\u00edn (1970-    )<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Resumen:<\/strong>
\nLa teor\u00eda propuesta por Darwin de la evoluci\u00f3n de las especies por medio de la
\nselecci\u00f3n natural de las variaciones gen\u00e9ticas lleva impl\u00edcita una visi\u00f3n de los seres
\nvivos que se puede clasificar como materialista. El ser humano no ocupa ning\u00fan lugar
\nprivilegiado dentro del mundo vivo. El finalismo no encuentra acomodo en el
\nmecanicismo darwiniano. No hay lugar en la teor\u00eda evolutiva para la emergencia de una
\n\u201cmente\u201d en el sentido dualista, pues la generaci\u00f3n y evoluci\u00f3n de los sistemas nerviosos
\nson procesos estrictamente biol\u00f3gicos, y por ende f\u00edsicos.
\nPalabras clave: evoluci\u00f3n, materia, mente, finalidad, dualismo
\nAbstract:<\/strong>
\nThe theory proposed by Darwin on the evolution of species through the natural selection
\nof genetic variations implicitly supports a vision of living beings that may be classified
\nas materialist. Human beings do not occupy any special place within life. Finalism does
\nnot fit into the Darwinian mechanicism. There is no place in the evolution theory for the
\nemergency of \u201cmind\u201d in the dualist sense, since the generation and evolution of nervous
\nsystems are strictly biological, and therefore physical, processes.
\nKeywords: evolution, matter, mind, finality, dualism<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Las implicaciones materialistas de la teor\u00eda de Darwin<\/a>. Revista Medicina y Humanidades n\u00fam 2, 2000.<\/p>\n

 <\/h1>\n

\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lovtrup, Soren (1922-   )<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Creo que alg\u00fan d\u00eda el mito darwinista ser\u00e1 considerado como el m\u00e1s grande enga\u00f1o en la historia de la ciencia<\/strong><\/em><\/h2>\n

Darwinism: The refutation of a myth<\/p>\n

In this book I propose to show that the answer to (1) ‘Is Darwin the founder of the theory of evolution ?’ (2) ‘Does his theory of natural selection give an acceptable explanation of the mechanism of evolution ?’ is in both instances ‘no’. And if I am right, we obviously end up in a rather awkward situation as far as present-day biology is concerned.<\/em><\/p>\n

Darwin\u2019s admirers,  then and now,  have praised him for the honesty and candour he thus displayed. I am not sure this attitude is justified. If a theory has too many difficulties, it should not be published, but rejected, indeed I believe this is the procedure adopted by most scientists.<\/em><\/p>\n

(Lovtrup S., \u00abDarwinism: The Refutation of a Myth,\u00bb Croom Helm: London, 1987, p.126)]<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 \"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

Edward Lurie (1927-2008)<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Los naturalistas que hab\u00edan animado a Agassiz a sacar su libro a la luz p\u00fablica en Inglaterra-Sir Richard Owen, William Auckland, y Adam Sedgwick-encontraban intolerables las ideas de Darwin.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L   \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4   Leguizam\u00f3n, Ra\u00fal Osvaldo   La biolog\u00eda moderna no le debe absolutamente nada- excepto atraso-a la evoluci\u00f3n  La ciencia dej\u00f3 de ser la b\u00fasqueda de la verdad para transformarse en la b\u00fasqueda de una explicaci\u00f3n materialista para todo fen\u00f3meno de la naturaleza.  Lo que hay es un sentido \u201coficial\u201d o \u201ccan\u00f3nico\u201d o \u201cestablecido\u201d al respecto, pero ello se debe a que la mayor\u00eda de los investigadores aceptan \u2013consciente o inconscientemente\u2013 el darwinismo y a partir de all\u00ed interpretan los hallazgos. \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4 Lewin, Roger The central question of the Chicago conference was whether the mechanisms underlying microevolution can\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[467,14313,1],"tags":[22773],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135498"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135498"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135498\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":141134,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135498\/revisions\/141134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135498"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}