{"id":135506,"date":"2012-11-14T08:00:44","date_gmt":"2012-11-14T06:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/?p=135506"},"modified":"2023-10-27T07:44:32","modified_gmt":"2023-10-27T05:44:32","slug":"criticos-de-darwin-m","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/2012\/11\/14\/135506","title":{"rendered":"Cr\u00edticos de Darwin: M"},"content":{"rendered":"

M<\/h1>\n

\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/h1>\n

Macbeth, Norman<\/h1>\n

The heart of the problem is whether living things do indeed vary to an unlimited extent… The species look stable. We have all heard of disappointed breeders who carried their work to a certain point only to see the animals or plants revert to where they had started. Despite strenuous efforts for two or three centuries, it has never been possible to produce a blue rose or a black tulip<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Darwin Retried: An Appeal to Reason<\/em>, Harvard Common Press, Boston, 1971, pp. 32-33<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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Machado, Antonio (1875-1939)<\/strong><\/h1>\n

El siglo XIX es esencialmente pele\u00f3n. Se ha tomado demasiado en serio el struggle-for-life (sic) darwiniano. Es lo que pasa siempre: Se se\u00f1ala un hecho; despu\u00e9s se le acepta como una fatalidad; al fin, se convierte en bandera. Si un d\u00eda se descubre que el hecho no era completamente cierto, o que era totalmente falso, la bandera m\u00e1s o menos descolorida, no deja de ondear.<\/p>\n

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Mackenzie Beverley, Robert<\/h1>\n

When we find learned men occupied about such questions as ‘ chains of linking forms
\ntaking a circuitous sweep, and extinct forms which geological research has not revealed ‘
\n(Darwin, 324), this seems little better than the sterile occupation of blowing soap-bubbles
\nof the imagination, to the neglect of all the more exact demands of science.<\/p>\n

Cuando encontramos a hombres cultos ocupados sobre cuestiones tales como ‘las cadenas de
\nunir formas que toman un barrido indirecto, y las formas extintas que la investigaci\u00f3n geol\u00f3gica
\nno ha revelado ‘ (Darwin, 324), esto parece poco mejor que la ocupaci\u00f3n est\u00e9ril de hacer burbujas
\nde jab\u00f3n con la imaginaci\u00f3n, la negligencia de las demandas a\u00fan m\u00e1s exactas de ciencia.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

‘It is to be observed that the two grand principles of the theory are avowedly metaphors. Natural Selection is a metaphorical expression, and the Struggle for Existence is used in \u00bba large and metaphorical sense.\u00bb These are the two pillars of the whole theory ; Natural Selection and the Struggle for Existence represent and express everything that Mr Darwin has to urge ; take them away and nothing remains, and yet they are both metaphors. If these terms are metaphors, they are not realities, but verbal pictures or shadows, and are, therefore, vicious terms in a scientific disquisition. Neither are they only now and then, and by way of illustration, introduced, though even that would scarcely be admissible in handling the great revelation of the existence and origin of beings; but they occur in almost every page (In Origin of the Species), to the exclusion of other terms \u2014 so that from first to last we are led by a metaphor at every step, as the poor belated traveller is sometimes led by Will-o\u00bb-the-wisp into the fatal morass.’<\/p>\n

‘ Debe notarse que los dos magn\u00edficos principios de la teor\u00eda son declaradamente met\u00e1foras. La Selecci\u00f3n Natural es una expresi\u00f3n metaf\u00f3rica, y la Lucha por la Existencia es usada en \u00bb un sentido grande y metaf\u00f3rico. \u00bb Estos son los dos pilares de la teor\u00eda entera; la Selecci\u00f3n Natural y la Lucha por la Existencia representan y expresan todo lo que el Sr. Darwin tiene que impulsar; ll\u00e9veselos usted y nada permanece, y a\u00fan ellos son ambos met\u00e1foras. Si estos t\u00e9rminos son met\u00e1foras, ellos no son la realidad, sino cuadros verbales o sombras, y son, por lo tanto, t\u00e9rminos viciosos en una disquisici\u00f3n cient\u00edfica. No son ellos s\u00f3lo de vez en cuando introducidos, y por v\u00eda de la ilustraci\u00f3n, lo cual apenas ser\u00eda admisible en el debate de la gran revelaci\u00f3n de la existencia y el origen de seres; sino que ellos en casi cada p\u00e1gina (En el Origen de las Especies), vienen a excluir  a otros t\u00e9rminos – de modo que desde el principio hasta el final somos conducidos por una met\u00e1fora en cada paso, como un pobre viajero a veces es conducido por fuego fatuo a la ci\u00e9naga fatal. ‘<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

Marx, Karl (1818-1883)<\/strong><\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

…me divierto con Darwin, al que he echado una nueva ojeada, cuando afirma aplicar la teor\u00eda de Malthus tambi\u00e9n a las plantas y a los animales, como si el jugo del se\u00f1or Malthus no estuviera precisamente en el hecho de que esa teor\u00eda no se aplica a las plantas y a los animales, sino -con geom\u00e9trica progresi\u00f3n- s\u00f3lo a los hombres, en contraste con las plantas y animales. Es notable el hecho de que en las bestias y en las plantas, Darwin reconoce a su sociedad inglesa, con su divisi\u00f3n del trabajo, la competici\u00f3n, la apertura de nuevos mercados, los inventos y la maltusiana lucha por la existencia. Es el bellum omnium contra omnes de Hobbes y hace pensar en la Fenomenolog\u00eda de Hegel cuando se configura la sociedad burguesa como \u201creino animal ideal\u201d, mientras que en Darwin el reino animal se configura como sociedad burguesa..<\/em><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

Mayr, Ernst (1904-2005)<\/strong><\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00abAs Professor Ernst Mayr of Harvard once remarked, ‘the book called The Origin of Species is not really on that subject,'\u00bb notes author Gordon Taylor, \u00abwhile his colleague Professor Simpson admits: ‘Darwin failed to solve the problem indicated by the title of his work.’ You may be surprised to hear that The Origin of Species remains just as much a mystery today, despite the efforts of thousands of biologists. The topic has been the main focus of attention and is beset by endless controversies\u00bb (The Great Evolution Mystery, 1983, p. 140).<\/em><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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Mendes, Iba<\/h1>\n

E h\u00e1 que diga que a Sele\u00e7\u00e3o Natural foi a id\u00e9ia mais brilhante que existiu no mundo. Eta mundo besta, meu Deus!……….<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Merson Davies, L (1890-1960)<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Se ha calculado que tan solo entre las cubiertas del El Origen de las Especies de Darwin se encuentran no menos de ochocientas frases en el modo subjuntivo (como supongamos, o bien Pudi\u00e9ramos suponer, etc..)<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/h1>\n

Mivart,  George Jackson (1827-1900)
\n<\/strong><\/h1>\n

The mode of formation of both the eye and the ear of the highest animals is such that if it is (as most Darwinians assert processes of development to be) a record of the actual steps by which such structures where first evolved in antecedent forms, it almost amounts to a demonstration that those steps where never produced by natural selection<\/p>\n

(El modo de formaci\u00f3n del ojo y el o\u00eddo de los animales superiores es tal que si fuera (como la mayor\u00eda de los darwinistas afirman) consecuencia de una serie sucesiva de pasos a partir de formas primitivas, esto casi equivale a una demostraci\u00f3n de que tales pasos nunca pudieron producirse por selecci\u00f3n natural)<\/p>\n

P 57 ON the Genesis of Species<\/a><\/p>\n

 \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/em><\/p>\n

Moore, Ruth<\/h1>\n

\u201cWhat has closed the door of the academy to Mr. Darwin is that the science of those of his books which have made his chief title to fame \u2014 the Origin of Species and still more the Descent of Man \u2014 is not science, but a mass of assertions and absolutely gratuitous hypotheses, often evidently fallacious. This kind of publication and these theories are a bad example, which a body which respects itself cannot encourage\u201d (Ruth Moore, Charles Darwin,<\/strong> New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962, p. 196)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Morata, Enrique<\/strong><\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

El darwinismo es la tiran\u00eda de los fuertes, un problema que hace miles de a\u00f1os que esta ah\u00ed y todav\u00eda no sabemos como solucionar:  \u00bfqu\u00e9 hacer con los fuertes?<\/em><\/p>\n

El darwinismo es la cobertura te\u00f3rica que los fuertes se han buscado para justificar sus tiran\u00edas.<\/em><\/h2>\n

 Darwinlandia<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/em><\/p>\n

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Morgan, Thomas Hunt (1866-1945)<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Evolution from this point of view has consisted largely in introducing new factors that influence characters already present in the animal or plant.<\/em><\/p>\n

Such a view gives us a somewhat different picture of the process of evolution from the old idea of a ferocious struggle between the individuals of a species with the survival of the fittest and the annihilation of the less fit. <\/em>Evolution assumes a more peaceful aspect.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/em><\/p>\n

La evoluci\u00f3n desde este punto de vista ha consistido principalmente en introducir factores nuevos que influyen en los caracteres presentes en animales y plantas.<\/em><\/p>\n

Esta visi\u00f3n nos da un cuadro diferente del proceso de evoluci\u00f3n de la vieja idea de una lucha feroz entre indiv\u00edduos de una especie con la supervivencia de los m\u00e1s aptos y la aniquilaci\u00f3n de los menos adaptados. La evoluci\u00f3n toma un aspecto m\u00e1s pac\u00edfico.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Let us, however, not make too much of the matter ; for it is much less important to find out whether Darwin’s ideas were vague, than it is to make sure that our own ideas are clear.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/em><\/p>\n

No demos demasiada importancia al asunto; porque es mucho menos importante encontrar si las ideas de Darwin eran vagas o no que asegurarnos de que las nuestras son claras<\/em><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

A Critique of the Theory of Evolution<\/a>. Princeton University. 1919.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Moros Pe\u00f1a, Manuel<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Cuando Darwin pregunt\u00f3 a Button por sus pr\u00e1cticas can\u00edbales, \u00e9ste debi\u00f3 de decidir contar al cr\u00e9dulo naturalista todo lo que \u00e9l quer\u00eda o\u00edr, probablemente cansado de las extra\u00f1as preguntas que el joven le hac\u00eda. A Darwin no le debi\u00f3 de resultar chocante que los fueguinos gustaran de la carne humana ya que iban desnudos y que no parec\u00edan tener gobierno, jefes, y ni tan siquiera un lenguaje. Darwin juzg\u00f3 el idioma de los y\u00e1mana como algo tan pobre que no merec\u00eda el nombre de lenguaje articulado. Sin embargo, nunca se tom\u00f3 la molestia de ponerse en contacto con ellos.<\/p>\n

Los y\u00e1mana aparecieron a sus ojos como los seres m\u00e1s degradados de la especie humana, capaces de las mayores atrocidades, y as\u00ed lo reflej\u00f3 en su libro \u201cViaje de un naturalista alrededor del mundo\u201d(1839). En palabras de Juan Hilari\u00f3n Lenzi en su \u201cTierra del Fuego\u201d(1967) : \u201cBast\u00f3 eso para que la inexactitud, la calumnia y el absurdo dieran la vuelta al mundo.\u201d<\/p>\n

 \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/em><\/p>\n

Des Moulins, Charles (1798-1876)<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tel est, sommairement et sans examples ni argumentations, le reproche que la science complete, la science vraiment philosophique, addresse au darwinisme, et le r\u00e9sultat final qu\u2019elle constate dans sa doctrine. Il n\u2019y apas d\u2019id\u00e9es NOUVELLES; il est hors de la puissance de l\u2019homme d\u2019en enfanter de toutes pi\u00e8ces une seule ! Tout ce qu\u2019on appelle ainsi n\u2019est que d\u00e9ductions<\/em> ou applications<\/em>: et celles-ci peuvent \u00eatre vraies ou fausses, am\u00e9liorantes ou defectueuses : voila tout, et n\u00f4tre puissance ne vas pas plus loin.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tal es, sumariamente y sin ejemplos ni argumentaciones, el reproche que la ciencia completa, la ciencia verdaderamente filos\u00f3fica, dirige al darvinismo, y el resultado final que ella comprueba en su doctrina. El darwinismo carece de ideas NUEVAS; \u00a1 est\u00e1 fuera de la potencia del hombre el ensamblar una \u00fanica pieza a partir de todas! Todo lo que as\u00ed se llama son s\u00f3lo deducciones o aplicaciones: y \u00e9stas pueden ser verdaderas o falsas, mejoradoras o defectuosas: he aqu\u00ed todo, y nuestro potencia no va m\u00e1s lejos.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Quelques r\u00e9flexions sur la doctrine scientifique dite Darwinisme \/ par M. Charles Des Moulins<\/p>\n

 \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4     Macbeth, Norman The heart of the problem is whether living things do indeed vary to an unlimited extent… The species look stable. We have all heard of disappointed breeders who carried their work to a certain point only to see the animals or plants revert to where they had started. Despite strenuous efforts for two or three centuries, it has never been possible to produce a blue rose or a black tulip   Darwin Retried: An Appeal to Reason, Harvard Common Press, Boston, 1971, pp. 32-33     \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4       Machado, Antonio (1875-1939) El\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[467,14313],"tags":[22773],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135506"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135506"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135506\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":141130,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135506\/revisions\/141130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}