{"id":135528,"date":"2012-11-15T08:00:43","date_gmt":"2012-11-15T06:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/?p=135528"},"modified":"2012-11-08T18:20:26","modified_gmt":"2012-11-08T16:20:26","slug":"criticos-de-darwin-n","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/2012\/11\/15\/135528","title":{"rendered":"Cr\u00edticos de Darwin: N"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">N<\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/germanyanke.files.wordpress.com\/2012\/07\/vladimir-nabokov.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"299\" \/><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nabokov, Vladimir (1899-1977)<\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>A m\u00ed me atrajeron en especial los misterios del mimetismo, sus fen\u00f3menos mostraban una perfecci\u00f3n art\u00edstica que solo se relaciona generalmente con las cosas hechas por el hombre. Consid\u00e9rese por ejemplo la imitaci\u00f3n de los jugos venenosos que realizan las m\u00e1culas en forma de burbuja que poseen las alas de algunas mariposas ( en la que no falta ni la semi-refracci\u00f3n), o la producida por sus lustrosos botones amarillos en el caso de las cris\u00e1lidas.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Consid\u00e9rense los trucos de ciertas orugas acrob\u00e1ticas (las del guerrero del haya) que en su infancia tienen aspecto de excremento de p\u00e1jaro pero que despu\u00e9s de su metamorfosis presentan unos ap\u00e9ndices \u00e1speros de tipo himen\u00f3pteroideo, as\u00ed como otras caracter\u00edsticas no menos barrocas, que permiten a estos extraordinarios individuos interpretar dos papeles a la vez( como el actor del teatro oriental que se convierte en una pareja de inextricables luchadores): el de la serpenteante larva y el de enorme hormiga que ha capturado. Cuando cierta polilla se parece a cierta avispa, tambi\u00e9n camina y mueve sus antenas a la manera de las avispas en en lugar de hacerlo como una mariposa. Cuando una mariposa tiene que parecer una hoja, no solamente reproduce de forma bellisima todos los detalles de la hoja, sino que tiene, adem\u00e1s, numerosas marcas que imitan los agujeros perforados por los gusanos. La\u00bbselecci\u00f3n natural\u00bb, en el sentido darwiniano de la expresi\u00f3n, no basta para explicar la milagrosa coincidencia de la apariencia y el comportamiento imitativo; tampoco me parec\u00eda suficiente apelar a la teor\u00eda de la \u00ablucha por la vida\u00bb cuando comprobaba hasta qu\u00e9 extremos de sutileza, exuberancia y y lujos mim\u00e9ticos pod\u00eda ser llevado un mecanismo defensivo, que en cualquier caso va much\u00edsimo m\u00e1s lejos de lo que pueda apreciar ning\u00fan depredador. Descubr\u00ed as\u00ed en la naturaleza los placeres no utilitarios que buscaba en el arte. En ambos casos se trataba de una forma de magia, ambos eran un juego de hechizos y enga\u00f1os complicad\u00edsimos.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-5zuT5PLC-VY\/TrRqlwS_bhI\/AAAAAAAAA60\/Cktdh04K3XQ\/s1600\/thomas-nagel.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"278\" \/><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Thomas Nagel (1937-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 )<\/strong><em><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/em><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Creo que los defensores del dise\u00f1o inteligente se merecen nuestra gratitud por desafiar una visi\u00f3n cient\u00edfica del mundo que le debe algo de la pasi\u00f3n mostrada por sus seguidores precisamente al hecho de que se piensa que nos libera de la religi\u00f3n. <\/em><em>Esa visi\u00f3n del mundo est\u00e1 madura para el cambio.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>For a long time I have found the materialist account of how we and our fellow organisms \u00a0came to exist hard to believe, including the standard version of how the evolutionary process works. The more details we learn about the chemical basis of life and the intricacy of the genetic code, the more unbelievable the standard historical account becomes. This is just the opinion of a layman who reads widely in the literature that explains contemporary science to the nonspecialist. Perhaps that literature presents the situation with a simplicity and confidence that does not reflect the most sophisticated scientific thought in these areas. But it seems to me that, as it is usually presented, the current orthodoxy about the cosmic order is the product of governing assumptions that are unsupported, and that it flies in the face of common sense.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Por un largo tiempo he encontrado la explicaci\u00f3n materialista de c\u00f3mo nosotros y nuestros \u00a0compa\u00f1eros los organismos llegaron a existir,\u00a0 dif\u00edcil de creer, incluida la versi\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar de c\u00f3mo funciona el proceso evolutivo. Cuantos m\u00e1s detalles aprendemos sobre la base qu\u00edmica de la vida y la complejidad del c\u00f3digo gen\u00e9tico, m\u00e1s incre\u00edble se convierte el relato hist\u00f3rico al uso. Esto es s\u00f3lo la opini\u00f3n de un laico que lee ampliamente en la literatura destinada a explicar la ciencia contempor\u00e1nea a los no especialistas. Tal vez sea que la literatura presenta la situaci\u00f3n con una sencillez y una confianza de que no reflejan el pensamiento cient\u00edfico m\u00e1s sofisticado en estas \u00e1reas. Pero me parece que, como se suele presentar, la ortodoxia actual sobre el orden c\u00f3smico es el producto de gobernar supuestos que no son compatibles, y que va en contra del sentido com\u00fan.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Mind-Cosmos-Materialist-Neo-Darwinian-Conception\/dp\/0199919755\/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1352267301&amp;sr=1-1&amp;keywords=nagel\">Mind &amp; Cosmos: Why the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature is Almost Certainly False<\/a>. Sept 2012. p 5.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><strong>\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/23\/Nietzsche1882.jpg\/200px-Nietzsche1882.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"222\" height=\"296\" \/><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844-1900)<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Anti-Darwin. \u2014 As for the famous \u201cstruggle for existence,\u201d so far it seems to me to be asserted rather than proved. It occurs, but as an exception; the total appearance of life is not the extremity, not starvation, but rather riches, profusion, even absurd squandering \u2014<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 and where there is struggle, it is a struggle for power. One should not mistake Malthus for nature. Assuming, however, that there is such a struggle for existence \u2014 and, indeed, it occurs \u2014 its result is unfortunately the opposite of what Darwin\u2019s school desires, and of what one might perhaps desire with them \u2014 namely, in favor of the strong, the privileged, the fortunate exceptions.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u00a0The species do not grow in perfection: the weak prevail over the strong again and again, for they are the great majority \u2014 and they are also more intelligent. Darwin forgot the spirit (that is English!); the weak have more spirit. One must need spirit to acquire spirit; one loses it when one no longer needs it. Whoever has strength dispenses with the spirit (\u201cLet it go!\u201d they think in Germany today; \u201cthe Reich must still remain to us\u201d). It will be noted that by \u201cspirit\u201d I mean care, patience, cunning, simulation, great self-control, and everything that is mimicry (the latter includes a great deal of so-called virtue). <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>N\u00fa\u00f1ez Ru\u00edz, Diego (1943- \u00a0\u00a0 )<\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>La idea de progreso, verdadero supuesto b\u00e1sico de la moderna cultura europea y motivo de continua satisfacci\u00f3n para el hombre decimon\u00f3nico, se encontraba por fin confirmada cient\u00edficamente. [. . .] Es como si todo un ambiente cultural, lleno de ingredientes historicistas y cientistas, necesitara, para su completa autoafirmaci\u00f3n, la obra de Darwin.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Diego N\u00fa\u00f1ez, <em>El darwinismo en Espa\u00f1a <\/em>(Madrid: Castalia, 1969), pp. 7\u20138.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Citado en <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mohamedrabeea.com\/books\/book1_10570.pdf\">Gald\u00f3s and Darwin. T E Bell. Colecci\u00f3n T\u00e1mesis. Serie A Monograf\u00edas<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N &nbsp; \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4 &nbsp; Nabokov, Vladimir (1899-1977) &nbsp; A m\u00ed me atrajeron en especial los misterios del mimetismo, sus fen\u00f3menos mostraban una perfecci\u00f3n art\u00edstica que solo se relaciona generalmente con las cosas hechas por el hombre. Consid\u00e9rese por ejemplo la imitaci\u00f3n de los jugos venenosos que realizan las m\u00e1culas en forma de burbuja que poseen las alas de algunas mariposas ( en la que no falta ni la semi-refracci\u00f3n), o la producida por sus lustrosos botones amarillos en el caso de las cris\u00e1lidas. Consid\u00e9rense los trucos de ciertas orugas acrob\u00e1ticas (las del guerrero del haya) que en su infancia tienen\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[467,14313],"tags":[22773],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135528"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135528"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":135530,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135528\/revisions\/135530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}