{"id":135537,"date":"2012-11-20T08:00:15","date_gmt":"2012-11-20T06:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/?p=135537"},"modified":"2014-03-28T10:18:12","modified_gmt":"2014-03-28T08:18:12","slug":"criticos-de-darwin-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/2012\/11\/20\/135537","title":{"rendered":"Cr\u00edticos de Darwin: R"},"content":{"rendered":"

R<\/h1>\n

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Rabaud, \u00c9tienne (1868-1956)<\/h1>\n

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\u00ab\u00a0L’hypoth\u00e8se [darwinienne] ne r\u00e9siste pas \u00e0 la critique la plus \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire. Ne suffit-il pas de constater que l’appr\u00e9ciation d’un avantage tourne dans un cercle vicieux\u00a0? Quand un organisme persiste, nous d\u00e9cidons qu’il poss\u00e8de une disposition avantageuse, et nous d\u00e9clarons avantageuse une disposition quelconque, pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment parce que l’organisme persiste.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u2014\u00a0Introduction aux sciences biologiques1<\/a><\/sup><\/cite><\/p>\n

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R\u00e1dl, Emanuel (1873-1942)<\/h1>\n

\u00abWe may therefore sum up the modern position in Driesch’s words: ‘For those with insight Darwinism has been dead for a long time’… Darwinism as a tyrannic doctrine, which imperiously enchains the minds of men, is dead.\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u2014R\u00e1dl. The History of Biological Theories. (1930). p. 388<\/p>\n

His book can be found online here:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/historyofbiologi029197mbp#page\/n5\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n

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Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Santiago (1852-1934)
\n<\/em><\/h1>\n

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De esta pueril man\u00eda de cazar leones con mostacilla, si nos es l\u00edcito lo vulgar de la expresi\u00f3n; de esta excesiva confianza en los recursos te\u00f3ricos que para la resoluci\u00f3n del supremo enigma de la vida pueden ofrecernos las ciencias auxiliares, adolecen casi todos los modernos creadores de teor\u00edas biol\u00f3gicas generales, aunque \u00e9stos tengan nombres tan justamente c\u00e9lebres como Herbert Spencer, Darwin, Haeckel, Heitzmann, B\u00fctschli, Noegeli, Altmann, Weissmann, etc. En el presente estado de la Ciencia, las buenas explicaciones \u00f3 teor\u00edas biol\u00f3gicas s\u00f3lo pueden abarcar grupos relativamente restringidos de fen\u00f3menos.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Hoy creo menos en el poder de la selecci\u00f3n natural que al escribir, treinta a\u00f1os hace, estas l\u00edneas. Cuanto m\u00e1s estudio la organizaci\u00f3n del ojo de vertebrados e invertebrados, menos comprendo las causas de su maravillosa y exquisitamente adaptada organizaci\u00f3n.<\/em><\/strong>
\nFundamentos Racionales y Condiciones T\u00e9cnicas de la Investigaci\u00f3n Biol\u00f3gica. Discurso de ingreso en la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, F\u00edsicas y Naturales.<\/p>\n

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\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n

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Raup, David (1933-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 )<\/h1>\n

\u00abWell, we are now about 120 years after Darwin and the knowledge of the fossil record has been greatly expanded. We now have a quarter of a million fossil species but the situation hasn’t changed much. The record of evolution is still surprisingly jerky and, ironically, we have even fewer examples of evolutionary transition than we had in Darwin’s time. By this I mean that some of the classic cases of Darwinian change in the fossil record, such as the evolution of the horse in North America, have had to be discarded or modified as a result of more detailed information – what appeared to be a nice simple progression when relatively few data were available now appears to be much more complex and much less gradualistic. So Darwin’s problem has not been alleviated in the last 120 years and we still have a record which does show change but one that can hardly be looked upon as the most reasonable consequence of natural selection.\u00bb David M. Raup, \u00abConflicts Between Darwin and Paleontology,\u00bb Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin,<\/em> Vol. 50, No. 1, January 1979, p. 25. (He says a similar thing on p. 50.)<\/p>\n

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Ren\u00e1n Vazquez, Hernando<\/h1>\n

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La sacralizaci\u00f3n de Darwin y la negaci\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica del lamarckismo solamente ha creado m\u00e1s miseria y muerte y la justificaci\u00f3n biol\u00f3gica de los m\u00e1s bajos deseos y apetitos por parte del orden capitalista neoliberal, es hora de que se revisite la teor\u00eda Lamarckiana pues junto con la tesis darvinista se crear\u00eda un orden social y econ\u00f3mico m\u00e1s justo<\/p>\n

Comentario en este blog el 30 de enero de 2011<\/div>\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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Rodr\u00edguez Calaza, Juan Jos\u00e9 <\/strong><\/h1>\n

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…si el DI debe rechazarse por servir de argumento al fundamentalismo creacionista con mayor motivo debemos prohibir el darwinismo en las aulas dado que sirvi\u00f3 de base al racismo, al eugenismo, al nazismo y a los supremacistas.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u00a0Roll-Hansen, Nils (1938-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 )<\/h1>\n

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Darwinism was a mainsource for Mach’s ideas that scientific theories should be seen as instruments for the \u00abeconomy of thought\u00bb rather than referring to independently existing objects. From this view Bodganov derived his theory of science as a product of\u00a0 and an instrument for socially organized work. He wanted to demystify science through a reduction of its content to the ordinary experience of workers. As an example he described how astronomy from Babylonian times to the Renaissance was slowly constructed by people who collected and systematized practical experience (opyt). It is clear, declared Bodganov, that \u00abscience is nothing but the organized experience of human society \u00bb (Bodganov, 1918, 3). A \u00abgeneral theory of organization\u00bb was to give the final answers to questions\u00a0 concerning the \u00absecret of science\u00bb and its role in a socialist society (Bodganov, 1918, 92).<\/p>\n

(El darwinismo fue una fuente de inspiraci\u00f3n\u00a0 para las ideas de Mach de que las teor\u00edas cient\u00edficas deben ser vistas como instrumentos para la \u00abeconom\u00eda del pensamiento\u00bb en lugar de\u00a0 objetos con existencia independiente.\u00a0 Desde este punto de vista Bodganov deriv\u00f3 su teor\u00eda de la ciencia como un producto y un instrumento para el trabajo socialmente organizado. Quer\u00eda desmitificar la ciencia a trav\u00e9s de una reducci\u00f3n de su contenido a la experiencia cotidiana de los trabajadores. Como ejemplo, se describe c\u00f3mo la astronom\u00eda desde los tiempos babil\u00f3nicos hasta el Renacimiento fue construido poco a poco por las personas que recogieron y sistematizaron la experiencia pr\u00e1ctica (opyt). Es evidente, declar\u00f3 Bodganov, que \u00abla ciencia no es m\u00e1s que la experiencia organizada de la sociedad humana\u00bb (Bodganov, 1918, 3). Una \u00abteor\u00eda general de la organizaci\u00f3n\u00bb iba a dar las respuestas definitivas a las preguntas sobre el \u00absecreto de la ciencia\u00bb y su papel en una sociedad socialista (Bodganov, 1918, 92).)<\/p>\n

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The Lysenko effect<\/a>. P 80.<\/p>\n

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R   \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4 Rabaud, \u00c9tienne (1868-1956)   \u00ab\u00a0L’hypoth\u00e8se [darwinienne] ne r\u00e9siste pas \u00e0 la critique la plus \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire. Ne suffit-il pas de constater que l’appr\u00e9ciation d’un avantage tourne dans un cercle vicieux\u00a0? Quand un organisme persiste, nous d\u00e9cidons qu’il poss\u00e8de une disposition avantageuse, et nous d\u00e9clarons avantageuse une disposition quelconque, pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment parce que l’organisme persiste.\u00a0\u00bb \u2014\u00a0Introduction aux sciences biologiques1   \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4 R\u00e1dl, Emanuel (1873-1942) \u00abWe may therefore sum up the modern position in Driesch’s words: ‘For those with insight Darwinism has been dead for a long time’… Darwinism as a tyrannic doctrine, which imperiously enchains the minds of men, is\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[467,14313],"tags":[22773],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135537"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135537"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135537\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":135541,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135537\/revisions\/135541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}