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\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n
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\u00bfQu\u00e9 es lo que hay realmente implicado en \u201d la supervivencia del m\u00e1s apto \u201c, la m\u00e1s famosa sentencia de todas las de Herbert Spencer e incluso de hecho, la m\u00e1s famosa del siglo diecinueve? En la tierra ahora como siempre, hay naciones o razas que rigen \u00a0y otras que son gobernadas, algunas imperios y otras casi esclavas. Hemos heredado el Estado Imperial y, despu\u00e9s de haber participado en la conquista de la Alemania imperial, parece haberse confirmado esa condici\u00f3n. \u00a0Por el contrario, creo que en lo esencial de la conducta nacional est\u00e1bamos m\u00e1s seguros en 1914 de lo que lo estamos hoy en d\u00eda. Nos enga\u00f1amos a nosotros mismos al suponer que somos una raza imperial por derecho divino, por el veredicto final de la naturaleza , y algunos de nosotros, me temo, suponemos que es nuestro el privilegio imperial para vagar y para especular, para darse al alcohol y a la gula, mientras que otras razas son esclavas. Pero,\u2026.\u00bfPuede ser cierto que una raza Imperial est\u00e9 destinada a la vagancia y al juego mientras que las razas de siervos trabajan?<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n I note further that the idea of natural selection must be among the fittest of ideas in our social climate. It has spread from evolutionary biology to immunology, developmental biology, psychology, economics, philosophy of science, sociology, information science, etc. It appears to be an idea that can adapt to any material whatever, driving out, in the process, ideas that were native in the various discourses (like instructional models in immunology). Being materially empty, it appears capable of explaining almost anything, and so we need to be cautious about its use. Is it a Borgesian cognitive poison?<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n (Se\u00f1alo adem\u00e1s que la idea de la selecci\u00f3n natural debe estar entre los m\u00e1s fuertes\u00a0 en nuestro clima social. Se ha propagado desde la biolog\u00eda evolutiva hasta la inmunolog\u00eda, la biolog\u00eda del desarrollo, la psicolog\u00eda, la econom\u00eda, la filosof\u00eda de la ciencia, la sociolog\u00eda, la ciencia de la informaci\u00f3n, etc Parece que es una idea que puede adaptarse a cualquier material que sea, expulsando, en el proceso, a las ideas\u00a0 nativas en los diversos discursos (como los modelos de ense\u00f1anza de la inmunolog\u00eda).\u00a0 Siendo materialmente vac\u00eda, parece capaz de explicar casi nada, y lo que tenemos que tener cuidado con su uso. \u00bfEs un veneno cognitivo borgiano?)<\/p>\n Nota: El error en esta sentencia<\/strong> de Salthe est\u00e9 en que la idea de selecci\u00f3n natural (supervivencia de los m\u00e1s aptos) no procede de la biolog\u00eda evolutiva ni mucho menos. La idea procede de la dismal<\/em> science, de la econom\u00eda, concretamente de la visi\u00f3n gris del cl\u00e9rigo Malthus, como reconoci\u00f3 el propio Darwin al principio de OSMNS. No es una teor\u00eda biol\u00f3gica tansplantada al mundo de la econom\u00eda sino al rev\u00e9s: Una visi\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica transladada al mundo de la biolog\u00eda. El darwinismo social es una redundancia: El darwinismo es un fen\u00f3meno exclusivamente social.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n La ideolog\u00eda del libre mercado, tiene su mecanismo de poder pastoral. Multiplicado a trav\u00e9s de los medios y los sistemas educativos, el dogma dominante impuesto en la biolog\u00eda se llama darwinismo. Cualquiera que lea una nota o un art\u00edculo cient\u00edfico puede notar el nivel de sumisi\u00f3n e idolatr\u00eda que los adeptos tienen por el l\u00edder Charles. El te\u00f3logo brit\u00e1nico devenido en naturalista del Beagle. Uno se empalaga con esos art\u00edculos en que todo era tinieblas y entonces lleg\u00f3 Darwin y se hizo la luz.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n En efecto, si hablamos de evoluci\u00f3n darwinista, de selecci\u00f3n natural y de reduccionismo g\u00e9nico, demos por seguro que ciencia y biolog\u00eda est\u00e1n excluidas.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Se trata, sencillamente, de una concepci\u00f3n del Mundo caracter\u00edstica del sector social del que proced\u00eda y en el que se relacionaba\u2026 Una clase social que se caracterizaba por unos valores profundamente enraizados en la tradici\u00f3n calvinista, (otra revoluci\u00f3n burguesa), seg\u00fan la cual ciertas personas est\u00e1n predestinadas por Dios a la salvaci\u00f3n y otras a la condenaci\u00f3n. Pero, eso s\u00ed, el creyente, aunque desconoce su destino, puede demostrar que es un \u201celegido de Dios\u201d con los \u00e9xitos que alcance en su vida privada<\/em><\/p>\n Se necesit\u00f3 una<\/em> gran cantidad de poder (…) para controlar las instituciones cient\u00edficas, para establecer el darwinismo y se necesita mucho poder para mantenerlo. Las pocas personas que forman el poder real, que controla las fuentes de energ\u00eda, las multinacionales farmac\u00e9uticas y la biotecnolog\u00eda, tienen un inter\u00e9s personal en mantener la concepci\u00f3n darwinista de la realidad … Una concepci\u00f3n reduccionista de los genes y el azar son cr\u00edticos para sus proyectos.<\/em> (En una entrevista)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n El libro emblem\u00e1tico de Darwin, Sobre el origen de las especies por medio de la selecci\u00f3n natural o el mantenimiento de las razas favorecidas en la lucha por la existencia muy especialmente la primera edici\u00f3n, cuyo \u00e9xito fue resonante, pero tambi\u00e9n las otras seis que fue modifi cando \u201casesorado\u201d por Hooker, Lyell y, sobre todo, Huxley era (sigue siendo, a pesar de las \u201ccorrecciones\u201d) un texto confuso de un aficionado, lleno de argumentaciones que pod\u00edamos calificar como \u201cespesas\u201d, basado en la cr\u00eda de animales dom\u00e9sticos, especialmente de palomas, repleto de especulaciones mezcla de ideas lamarckistas, \u201cneutralistas\u201d, populares, y de fen\u00f3menos absurdos \u201cque le hab\u00edan contado\u201d y con graves carencias cient\u00edficas con respecto a lo que ya se sab\u00eda en aquellos tiempos sobre la evoluci\u00f3n. S\u00f3lo con leer su resumen final sobre el batiburrillo de sus ideas se puede comprobar lo enormemente confusas que eran\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n Creo que esto nos puede dar una pista de c\u00f3mo se impuso el darwinismo y se silenciaron las voces de cient\u00edficos (verdaderos cient\u00edficos) discrepantes, como St. George Mivart, un zo\u00f3logo evolucionista que derrib\u00f3 con argumentos que se pueden seguir sosteniendo en la actualidad, la idea de la selecci\u00f3n \u201cnatural\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n <\/p>\n …..l, there’s a popular statement that nothing in biology makes sense in light of evolution. I challenge anyone to tell me any single area of biomedical research that one couldn’t do if they didn’t accept Darwin’s current ideas. I– I’m waiting to hear it. I can’t think of a single one. And that question has been asked to some people and they can’t give me an answer, either.<\/p>\n <\/a> So in my work, what I work on could be interpreted in light of some evolutionary theories, but it’s not required that I hold a particular theory in order to do my work. I could believe in Darwin, I could believe in punctuated equilibrium, I could believe in spacemen, I could believe in intelligent design. And I pretty much do the work in more or less the same way.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Forse, un giorno, il nostro tempo sar\u00e0 chiamato era darwiniana, cos\u00ec come noi parliamo dell’era newtoniana di due secoli fa. L’evoluzione, l’evoluzione, questa semplice idea che non si ritiene pi\u00f9 necessario esaminare, copre come una tenda tutte le et\u00e0 che conducono dal primitivismo alla civilt\u00e0. Gradualmente, ci viene detto, un passo dopo l’altro, gli uomini produssero le arti e i mestieri, fecero questo e quello, finch\u00e9 non emersero alla luce della storia. Questi soporiferi gradualmente e un passo dopo l’altro, ripetuti senza tregua, mirano a nascondere un’ignoranza a un tempo vasta e sorprendente. […] Forse gli storici dei secoli futuri ci dichiareranno tutti pazzi per non aver scoperto subito e confutato con la necessaria energia questa incredibile cantonata<\/em><\/p>\n Tal vez un d\u00eda nuestro tiempo ser\u00e1 llamado la \u00e9poca de Darwin, tal y como ahora se conoce el tiempo de hace dos siglos como era newtoniana. La evoluci\u00f3n, esta sencilla idea que ya no se considera necesario examinar, abarca como una tienda de campa\u00f1a todas las edades que van desde el primitivismo a la civilizaci\u00f3n. \u00a0Gradualmente, se nos dice, un paso tras otro, los hombres produjeron artesan\u00edas, hicieron esto y aquello, hasta que todo se puso de manifiesto a la luz de la historia. Estos gradualmente y estos paso a paso sopor\u00edferos, repetidos sin cesar, est\u00e1n dise\u00f1ados para ocultar una ignorancia tan vasta como sorprendente. […] Tal vez los historiadores de las edades futuras nos declarar\u00e1n a todos locos por no haber descubierto y refutado de inmediato con la energ\u00eda necesaria esta metedura de pata incre\u00edble.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00ab. . . the gradual morphological transitions between presumed ancestors and descendants, anticipated by most biologists, are missing.\u00bb David E. Schindel (Curator of Invertebrate Fossils, Peabody Museum of Natural History), \u00abThe Gaps in the Fossil Record,\u00bb Nature<\/em>, Vol. 297, 27 May 1982, p. 282.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n If I did not think you a good tempered & truth loving man I should not tell you that. . . I have read your book with more pain than pleasure. Parts of it I admired greatly; parts I laughed at till my sides were almost sore; other parts I read with absolute sorrow; because I think them utterly false & grievously mischievous– You have deserted– after a start in that tram-road of all solid physical truth– the true method of induction. . .<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n In its broadest meaning, Darwinian Fundamentalism refers to any expression or support of macroevolutionary theory that evinces characteristics of religious fundamentalism, such as narrow-mindedness, intolerance, anti-intellectualism, obscurantism, or dogmatism.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n En el Blog Darwinian Fundamentalism<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00abEl asunto, sin embargo, es que la doctrina de evoluci\u00f3n ha dominado el mundo, no en virtud de sus m\u00e9ritos cient\u00edficos, sino precisamente por su capacidad como un mito agn\u00f3stico. \u00a0Afirma, en efecto, que las criaturas vivas se crearon a s\u00ed mismas, lo cual es, en la esencia, una reclamaci\u00f3n metaf\u00edsica…. As\u00ed, en el an\u00e1lisis final, el evolucionismo es una verdadera doctrina metaf\u00edsica engalanada hacia fuera con un traje cient\u00edfico tradicional. \u00bb<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00abThe point, however, is that the doctrine of evolution has swept the world, not on the strength of its scientific merits, but precisely in its capacity as a Gnostic myth. It affirms, in effect, that living beings created themselves, which is, in essence, a metaphysical claim…. Thus, in the final analysis, evolutionism is in truth a metaphysical doctrine decked out in scientific garb.\u00bb<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n We will just have to agree to disagree Daniel\/Richard. You have made your mind up that natural selection is irrefutable and I have come to the conclusion that it is nonsense.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tendremos que\u00a0 discrepar Daniel\/Richard. Ustedes opinan que la selecci\u00f3n natural es irrefutable y yo\u00a0 he llegado a la conclusi\u00f3n de que esto es absurdo.<\/p>\n (Comentario en Research Gate<\/a>)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n The chances against any adequate readjustments fortuitously arising must be infinity to one\u00a0<\/strong><\/em> (Spencer, 1886)<\/p>\n Spencer, Herbert. The factors of organic evolution. The popular science monthly, april 1886, p 765.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00abOne can’t help wondering how much of the fossil record might be the result of the direct influence of environment on the phenotype without any change in the genotype. We know the form and shape of teeth is strongly influenced by diet. Similarly, the form of bones is strongly influenced by the forces to which they are subjected during growth. Many of the fossils that have made the news as \u00abmissing links\u00bb consist mostly of teeth. Most of the rest are bones. What kind of support can fossils of bones and teeth, then, give to the randomness postulate of the neo-Darwinian theory? … we see that what has been recognized as clear examples of evolution could have been the result of the environment acting on the developing embryo. It may have nothing at all to do with genetic variation or natural selection.<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n \u00abA theory built on random events must be checked against the probabilities of those events — that’s the first check that should be made. Why wasn’t that check made? When the theory was established in the 30’s and 40’s, the molecular basis of mutations was unknown.The DNA as the repository of genetic information was not discovered until a decade later. Indeed, the neo-Darwinians did not think there was a problem with the probability of mutations. But there is a big problem with it.<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n (3) The experimental evidence should be the most telling of all in favor of a theory. Unfortunately, there is no direct experimental evidence of large-scale evolution. Of course, there is fossil evidence, but at best the fossils only show that there has been changes in living organisms in the past. They don’t tell us how those changes took place. They don’t even tell us that the later forms of life descended from the earlier forms. To say that they did descend is an inference that must depend upon a theory. So we’re back to the question of whether the theory is any good. One cannot say that the fossils support the theory unless we beg the question and assume the theory to be correct.\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n (Not by chance)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00abIn fact,the fossil record does not convincingly document a single transition from one species to another.\u00bb Steven M. Stanley, The New Evolutionary Timetable<\/em> (New York: Basic Books, 1981) p. 95<\/p>\n \u00abThere is an infinite variety of ways in which, since 1859, the general concept of evolution might have been demolished<\/span>. Consider the fossil record–a little known resource in Darwin’s day. The unequivocal discovery of a fossil population of horses in Precambrian rocks would disprove evolution<\/span>. More generally, any topsy-turvy sequence of fossils would force us to rethink our theory, yet not a single one has come to light. As Darwin recognized, a single geographic inconsistency would have nearly the same power of destruction<\/span>.\u00bb<\/p>\n (The New Evolutionary Timetable, 1981, p.171).<\/p>\n . . no human has ever seen a new species form in nature.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00bb Steven M. Stanley, The New Evolutionary Timetable<\/em> (New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1981), p. 73.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Gibson pone punto final a ese f\u00e9rtil arquetipo gernsbackiano, Ralph 124C41+, un tecn\u00f3crata Light encerrado en su torre de marfil, que derrama las bendiciones de la superciencia entre el populacho. En la obra de Gibson nos encontramos en las calles y callejones, en un reino de sudorosa, tensa supervivencia, donde lo <\/em>high tech es un incesante zumbido subliminal, \u201ccomo un perverso experimento de darwinismo social, ideado por un investigador aburrido que mantuviese el dedo permanentemente apretado en el bot\u00f3n de avance r\u00e1pido\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n Referencia<\/strong><\/p>\n Prefacio a Quemando Cromo. Ediciones Minotauro<\/a> Barcelona.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n There are structures so complex, so artificial, so eminently (to all appearance at least) having a purpose to serve, that it seems inconceivable that they could have been built, up by a more selection of haphazard variations from a type which in consequence of this selection undergoes a slow secular change.<\/em><\/p>\n (Natural Theology, 1891)<\/p>\n \u00a0If one fully accepts as highly probable, if not fully demonstrated the applicability of laws to living beings which have been verified by a report on dead matter I feel compelled, at the same time, to admit the existence of something mysterious, located beyond, something sui generis, I dont look at it as dominant and suspening the ordinary laws of physics, but as working with them and by accomplissement to a determined end. Whatever may be something that we call life, this is a profound mystery.<\/em><\/p>\n (Citado en La th\u00e9orie du microzyma et la syst\u00e8me microbien<\/a>, de Antoine B\u00e9champ<\/a>, 1888)<\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n \u00abThe origin of species has long fascinated biologists. Although Darwin’s major work bears it as a title, it does not provide a solution to the problem\u00bb (\u00abWhen the Means Do Not Justify the Ends,\u00bb June 24, 1999, Nature online edition).<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" S \u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4 Saleeby, C.W. (1878-1940) \u00bfQu\u00e9 es lo que hay realmente implicado en \u201d la supervivencia del m\u00e1s apto \u201c, la m\u00e1s famosa sentencia de todas las de Herbert Spencer e incluso de hecho, la m\u00e1s famosa del siglo diecinueve? En la tierra ahora como siempre, hay naciones o razas que rigen \u00a0y otras que son gobernadas, algunas imperios y otras casi esclavas. Hemos heredado el Estado Imperial y, despu\u00e9s de haber participado en la conquista de la Alemania imperial, parece haberse confirmado esa condici\u00f3n. \u00a0Por el contrario, creo que en lo esencial de la conducta nacional est\u00e1bamos\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[467,14313],"tags":[22773],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135542"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135542"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135542\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":135586,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135542\/revisions\/135586"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.nbi.dk\/~natphil\/salthe\/2006Salthe.gif\")
<\/p>\nSalthe, Stanley<\/h1>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/img812.imageshack.us\/img812\/1543\/emilianosalvucci.jpg\")
<\/h1>\n<\/h1>\n
Salvucci, Emiliano (1981-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 )<\/h1>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/elproyectomatriz.files.wordpress.com\/2010\/03\/conferencia-de-maximo-sandin.jpg?w=380&h=289&h=289\")
<\/p>\n<\/h1>\n
Sand\u00edn, M\u00e1ximo<\/strong><\/h1>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/creationwiki.org\/pool\/images\/f\/f5\/John_C_Sanford.jpg\")
<\/h1>\n<\/h1>\n
Sanford, John C.<\/strong> (1950-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 )<\/h1>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/img.over-blog.com\/571x577\/2\/72\/70\/93\/\/giorgio-de-santillana.jpg\")
<\/h1>\nSantillana, Giorgio de (1902-1974)<\/h1>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/api.ning.com\/files\/0m2szXIUfxgwyrLkdJNbhikoY2NCr25ZUSutU8CrhgQ_\/SchindelPassport.png?width=184&height=184&crop=1%3A1\")
<\/p>\nDavid E. Schindel<\/h1>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.ucmp.berkeley.edu\/history\/sedgwick.jpg\")
<\/p>\nSedgwick Adam (1785-1873)
\n<\/strong><\/h1>\nSelden, Lawrence<\/h1>\n
<\/p>\n
Sermonti, Giuseppe (1925- )<\/strong><\/h1>\n
<\/strong>El darwinismo es una verdadera falsificaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica\u2026\u2026si me ha interesado combatirlo, no es porque se trate de una teor\u00eda falsa- \u00a1Hay tantas teor\u00edas falsas!. Sino porque el darwinismo constituye una falta de honradez<\/h2>\n
<\/h1>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.worldwisdom.com\/uploads\/artists\/62.jpg\")
<\/h1>\nSmith, Wolfgang (1930-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 )<\/h1>\n
\n
\nTeilhardism and the New Religion<\/em>
\nTan Books and Publishers, 1988, Rockford, Illinois, p. 24<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\nSmith, Darryl<\/h1>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/96\/Herbert_Spencer.jpg\/200px-Herbert_Spencer.jpg\")
<\/p>\nSpencer, Herbert (1820-1903)<\/h1>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.borhatorah.org\/images\/spetner.jpg\")
<\/strong><\/p>\nSpetner, Lee\u00a0<\/strong><\/h1>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.bible.ca\/tracks\/Steven-Stanley.jpg\")
<\/p>\nStanley, Steven M (1941-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 )<\/h1>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/ciberpunk.es\/imagenes\/Bruce_Sterling.jpg\")
<\/h1>\nSterling, Bruce (1954-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 )<\/h1>\n
<\/div>\n\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4\u00f8,\u00b8\u00b8,\u00f8\u00a4\u00ba\u00b0`\u00b0\u00ba\u00a4<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e3\/SS-stokes.jpg\/220px-SS-stokes.jpg\")
<\/p>\nStokes, George Gabriel (1819-1903)<\/h1>\n
<\/h1>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.colbud.hu\/szathmary_eors.jpg\")
<\/h1>\nSzathm\u00e1ry,\u00a0 E\u00f6rs(1959-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 )
\n<\/strong><\/h1>\n