{"id":136398,"date":"2013-04-10T08:00:12","date_gmt":"2013-04-10T06:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/?p=136398"},"modified":"2013-03-26T11:56:04","modified_gmt":"2013-03-26T09:56:04","slug":"el-ojo-minimo-segun-monsieur-jourdain-en-el-parrafo-ducentesimo-septuagesimo-noveno-de-el-origen-de-las-especies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/2013\/04\/10\/136398","title":{"rendered":"El ojo m\u00ednimo seg\u00fan Monsieur Jourdain en el p\u00e1rrafo ducent\u00e9simo septuag\u00e9simo noveno de El Origen de las Especies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-HiFbh-sUsoA\/T06HiOID66I\/AAAAAAAAAfo\/Bbuc_HSC_3E\/s1600\/fig_138.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"228\" \/><\/p>\n<p>No sabemos qui\u00e9n ser\u00eda Monsieur Jourdain, el promotor del ojo m\u00ednimo, a quien se cita por dos veces en \u00e9ste p\u00e1rrafo. Tal vez el autor se refiere aqu\u00ed a un personaje de Moli\u00e8re, pero en cualquier caso\u2026..\u00bfexiste alguna relaci\u00f3n entre agregados de c\u00e9lulas pigmentarias y un ojo? No m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la que quiera establecer la imaginaci\u00f3n del autor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>279<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>The simplest organ which can be called an eye consists of an optic nerve, surrounded by pigment-cells and covered by translucent skin, but without any lens or other refractive body. We may, however, according to M. Jourdain, descend even a step lower and find aggregates of pigment-cells, apparently serving as organs of vision, without any nerves, and resting merely on sarcodic tissue. Eyes of the above simple nature are not capable of distinct vision, and serve only to distinguish light from darkness. In certain star-fishes, small depressions in the layer of pigment which surrounds the nerve are filled, as described by the author just quoted, with transparent gelatinous matter, projecting with a convex surface, like the cornea in the higher animals. He suggests that this serves not to form an image, but only to concentrate the luminous rays and render their perception more easy. In this concentration of the rays we gain the first and by far the most important step towards the formation of a true, picture-forming eye; for we have only to place the naked extremity of the optic nerve, which in some of the lower animals lies deeply buried in the body, and in some near the surface, at the right distance from the concentrating apparatus, and an image will be formed on it.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>El \u00f3rgano m\u00e1s sencillo, al que se puede dar el nombre de ojo, consiste en un nervio \u00f3ptico rodeado por c\u00e9lulas pigmentarias y cubierto por piel transl\u00facida, pero sin cristalino ni otro cuerpo refrigente. Podemos, sin embargo, seg\u00fan monsieur Jourdain, descender todav\u00eda un grado m\u00e1s y encontrar agregados de c\u00e9lulas pigmentarias, que parecen servir como \u00f3rganos de vista sin nervios, y que descansen simplemente sobre tejido sarc\u00f3dico. Ojos de naturaleza tan sencilla como los que se acaban de indicar, son incapaces de visi\u00f3n distinta, y sirven tan s\u00f3lo para distinguir la luz de la obscuridad. En ciertas estrellas de mar, peque\u00f1as depresiones en la capa de pigmento que rodea el nervio est\u00e1n llenas, seg\u00fan describe el autor citado, de una substancia gelatinosa transparente, que sobresale, formando una superficie convexa, como la c\u00f3rnea de los animales superiores. Sugiere monsieur Jourdain que esto sirve, no para formar una imagen, sino s\u00f3lo para concentrar los rayos luminosos y hacer su percepci\u00f3n m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil. Con esta concentraci\u00f3n de rayos conseguimos dar el primer paso, de mucho el m\u00e1s importante, hacia la formaci\u00f3n de un ojo verdadero, formador de im\u00e1genes, pues no tenemos mas que colocar a la distancia debida del aparato de concentraci\u00f3n la extremidad desnuda del nervio \u00f3ptico, que en unos animales inferiores se encuentra profundamente escondida en el cuerpo y en otros cerca de la superficie, y se formar\u00e1 sobre aqu\u00e9lla una imagen.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>No sabemos qui\u00e9n ser\u00eda Monsieur Jourdain, el promotor del ojo m\u00ednimo, a quien se cita por dos veces en \u00e9ste p\u00e1rrafo. Tal vez el autor se refiere aqu\u00ed a un personaje de Moli\u00e8re, pero en cualquier caso\u2026..\u00bfexiste alguna relaci\u00f3n entre agregados de c\u00e9lulas pigmentarias y un ojo? No m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la que quiera establecer la imaginaci\u00f3n del autor. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 279 &nbsp; The simplest organ which can be called an eye consists of an optic nerve, surrounded by pigment-cells and covered by translucent skin, but without any lens or other refractive body. We may, however, according to M.\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[467,14323],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136398"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136398"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":136541,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136398\/revisions\/136541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=136398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=136398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}