{"id":137387,"date":"2013-09-02T08:00:47","date_gmt":"2013-09-02T06:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/?p=137387"},"modified":"2013-08-27T09:49:42","modified_gmt":"2013-08-27T07:49:42","slug":"defendiendose-el-autor-de-las-sabias-objeciones-de-mivart-en-el-parrafo-tricentesimo-sexagesimo-octavo-de-el-origen-de-las-especies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/2013\/09\/02\/137387","title":{"rendered":"Defendi\u00e9ndose de las sabias objeciones de Mivart en el p\u00e1rrafo tricent\u00e9simo sexag\u00e9simo octavo  de El origen de las Especies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Habiendo ya topado con la evoluci\u00f3n, todo tiene explicaci\u00f3n. El desarrollo de las gl\u00e1ndulas mamarias no iba a ser excepci\u00f3n: Una vez el peque\u00f1uelo empieza a mamar, hete aqu\u00ed que la gl\u00e1ndula mamaria viene a formarse a continuaci\u00f3n. Cuesti\u00f3n de fe que no de otra cosa\u2026..<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>368<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>The development of the mammary glands would have been of no service, and could not have been affected through natural selection, unless the young at the same time were able to partake of the secretion. There is no greater difficulty in understanding how young mammals have instinctively learned to suck the breast, than in understanding how unhatched chickens have learned to break the egg-shell by tapping against it with their specially adapted beaks; or how a few hours after leaving the shell they have learned to pick up grains of food. In such cases the most probable solution seems to be, that the habit was at first acquired by practice at a more advanced age, and afterwards transmitted to the offspring at an earlier age. But the young kangaroo is said not to suck, only to cling to the nipple of its mother, who has the power of injecting milk into the mouth of her helpless, half-formed offspring. On this head Mr. Mivart remarks: \u00abDid no special provision exist, the young one must infallibly be choked by the intrusion of the milk into the wind-pipe. But there IS a special provision. The larynx is so elongated that it rises up into the posterior end of the nasal passage, and is thus enabled to give free entrance to the air for the lungs, while the milk passes harmlessly on each side of this elongated larynx, and so safely attains the gullet behind it.\u00bb Mr. Mivart then asks how did natural selection remove in the adult kangaroo (and in most other mammals, on the assumption that they are descended from a marsupial form), \u00abthis at least perfectly innocent and harmless structure?\u00bb It may be suggested in answer that the voice, which is certainly of high importance to many animals, could hardly have been used with full force as long as the larynx entered the nasal passage; and Professor Flower has suggested to me that this structure would have greatly interfered with an animal swallowing solid food.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>El desarrollo de las gl\u00e1ndulas mamarias hubiera sido in\u00fatil, y no se hubiera podido efectuar por selecci\u00f3n natural sin que el peque\u00f1uelo, al mismo tiempo, hubiese sido capaz de participar de la secreci\u00f3n. No hay mayor dificultad en comprender de qu\u00e9 modo los mam\u00edferos peque\u00f1os han aprendido instintivamente a chupar la mama que en comprender c\u00f3mo los polluelos antes de salir del huevo han aprendido a romper la c\u00e1scara, golpeando en ella con su pico especialmente adaptado, o c\u00f3mo a las pocas horas de abandonar el cascar\u00f3n han aprendido a coger granos de comida. En tales casos, la soluci\u00f3n m\u00e1s probable es que la costumbre fue al principio adquirida por la pr\u00e1ctica a una edad m\u00e1s avanzada, y transmitida despu\u00e9s a la descendencia en una edad m\u00e1s temprana. Pero se dice que el canguro reci\u00e9n nacido no chupa, sino que solamente se adhiere al pez\u00f3n de su madre, que tiene la facultad de inyectar leche en la boca de su peque\u00f1uelo medio formado y desvalido. Sobre este punto, m\u00edster Mivart hace observar: \u00abSi no existiese una disposici\u00f3n especial, el peque\u00f1uelo tendr\u00eda infaliblemente que ser ahogado por la introducci\u00f3n de leche en la tr\u00e1quea. Pero existe una disposici\u00f3n especial. La laringe es tan prolongada, que sube hasta el extremo posterior del conducto nasal, y de este modo es capaz de dar entrada libre al aire para los pulmones mientras la leche pasa, sin perjuicio, por los lados de esta laringe prolongada, y llega as\u00ed con seguridad al es\u00f3fago, que est\u00e1 detr\u00e1s de ella\u00bb. M\u00edster Mivart pregunta entonces de qu\u00e9 modo la selecci\u00f3n natural destruy\u00f3 en el canguro adulto -y en la mayor parte de los otros mam\u00edferos, admitiendo que desciendan de una forma marsupial- esta conformaci\u00f3n, por lo menos, completamente inocente e inofensiva\u00bb. Puede indicarse, como respuesta, que la voz, que es seguramente de gran importancia para muchos mam\u00edferos, dif\u00edcilmente pudo haber sido utilizada con plena fuerza, mientras la laringe penetr\u00f3 en el conducto nasal, y el profesor Flower me ha indicado que esta conformaci\u00f3n hubiera presentado grandes obst\u00e1culos en un animal que tragase alimento s\u00f3lido.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Lectura aconsejada:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/digital.csic.es\/handle\/10261\/76630\">\u00a0Manual para detectar la impostura cient\u00edfica: Examen del libro de Darwin por Flourens.<\/a> Digital CSIC, 2013. 225 p\u00e1ginas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; Habiendo ya topado con la evoluci\u00f3n, todo tiene explicaci\u00f3n. El desarrollo de las gl\u00e1ndulas mamarias no iba a ser excepci\u00f3n: Una vez el peque\u00f1uelo empieza a mamar, hete aqu\u00ed que la gl\u00e1ndula mamaria viene a formarse a continuaci\u00f3n. Cuesti\u00f3n de fe que no de otra cosa\u2026.. &nbsp; 368 \u00a0 The development of the mammary glands would have been of no service, and could not have been affected through natural selection, unless the young at the same time were able to partake of the secretion. There is no greater difficulty in understanding how young mammals have instinctively learned to\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[467],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137387"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=137387"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137387\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":137469,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137387\/revisions\/137469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=137387"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=137387"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=137387"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}