{"id":138274,"date":"2014-04-15T09:00:44","date_gmt":"2014-04-15T07:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/?p=138274"},"modified":"2014-03-24T18:18:20","modified_gmt":"2014-03-24T16:18:20","slug":"quien-explicara-la-esterilidad-de-los-hibridos-en-el-parrafo-quingentesimo-decimoctavo-de-el-origen-de-las-especies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/2014\/04\/15\/138274","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQui\u00e9n explicar\u00e1 la esterilidad de los h\u00edbridos? en el p\u00e1rrafo quingent\u00e9simo decimoctavo de El Origen de las Especies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>En los p\u00e1rrafos finales del cap\u00edtulo dedicado al hibridismo, el autor reconoce que no ha explicado nada al respecto. Ya lo sospech\u00e1bamos\u2026..<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>518<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>The sterility of first crosses and of their hybrid progeny has not been acquired through natural selection. In the case of first crosses it seems to depend on several circumstances; in some instances in chief part on the early death of the embryo. In the case of hybrids, it apparently depends on their whole organisation having been disturbed by being compounded from two distinct forms; the sterility being closely allied to that which so frequently affects pure species, when exposed to new and unnatural conditions of life. He who will explain these latter cases will be able to explain the sterility of hybrids. This view is strongly supported by a parallelism of another kind: namely, that, firstly, slight changes in the conditions of life add to the vigour and fertility of all organic beings; and secondly, that the crossing of forms, which have been exposed to slightly different conditions of life, or which have varied, favours the size, vigour and fertility of their offspring. The facts given on the sterility of the illegitimate unions of dimorphic and trimorphic plants and of their illegitimate progeny, perhaps render it probable that some unknown bond in all cases connects the degree of fertility of first unions with that of their offspring. The consideration of these facts on dimorphism, as well as of the results of reciprocal crosses, clearly leads to the conclusion that the primary cause of the sterility of crossed species is confined to differences in their sexual elements. But why, in the case of distinct species, the sexual elements should so generally have become more or less modified, leading to their mutual infertility, we do not know; but it seems to stand in some close relation to species having been exposed for long periods of time to nearly uniform conditions of life.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>La esterilidad en los primeros cruzamientos y en los de su descendencia h\u00edbrida no ha sido adquirida por selecci\u00f3n natural. En los primeros cruzamientos parece depender de diferentes circunstancias; en muchos casos depende, en gran parte, de la muerte prematura del embri\u00f3n. En el caso de los h\u00edbridos, parece depender de que toda su organizaci\u00f3n ha sido perturbada por estar compuesta por dos formas distintas, siendo la esterilidad muy semejante a la que experimentan con tanta frecuencia las especies puras cuando se someten a condiciones de vida nuevas y no naturales. Quien explique estos \u00faltimos casos podr\u00e1 explicar la esterilidad de los h\u00edbridos. Esta opini\u00f3n se encuentra vigorosamente sostenida por un paralelismo de otra clase, o sea que, en primer lugar, peque\u00f1os cambios en las condiciones de vida aumentan el vigor y fecundidad de todos los seres vivientes, y, adem\u00e1s, que el cruzamiento de formas que han estado sometidas a condiciones de vida ligeramente diferentes, o que han variado, es favorable al tama\u00f1o, vigor y fecundidad de la descendencia. Los hechos citados acerca de la esterilidad de las uniones ileg\u00edtimas de plantas dimorfas y trimorfas y de su descendencia ileg\u00edtima hacen, quiz\u00e1, probable el que exista alg\u00fan lazo desconocido que una en todos los casos la fecundidad de las primeras uniones con la de los descendientes. La consideraci\u00f3n de estos hechos relativos al dimorfismo, lo mismo que la de los resultados de cruzamientos rec\u00edprocos, lleva claramente a la conclusi\u00f3n de que la causa primaria de la esterilidad en los cruzamientos de las especies est\u00e1 limitada a diferencias en sus elementos sexuales. Pero no sabemos por qu\u00e9 los elementos sexuales, en el caso de las especies distintas, se tienen que haber modificado en mayor o menor grado de un modo tan general, conduciendo a su infecundidad mutua, aunque esto parece tener alguna relaci\u00f3n estrecha con el que las especies han estado sometidas durante largos per\u00edodos de tiempo a condiciones de vida casi uniformes.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Lectura aconsejada:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/digital.csic.es\/handle\/10261\/76630\"> Manual para detectar la impostura cient\u00edfica: Examen del libro de Darwin por Flourens.<\/a> Digital CSIC, 2013. 225 p\u00e1ginas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; En los p\u00e1rrafos finales del cap\u00edtulo dedicado al hibridismo, el autor reconoce que no ha explicado nada al respecto. Ya lo sospech\u00e1bamos\u2026.. \u00a0 518 The sterility of first crosses and of their hybrid progeny has not been acquired through natural selection. In the case of first crosses it seems to depend on several circumstances; in some instances in chief part on the early death of the embryo. In the case of hybrids, it apparently depends on their whole organisation having been disturbed by being compounded from two distinct forms; the sterility being closely allied to that which so frequently\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[467],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138274"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=138274"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138274\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":138358,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138274\/revisions\/138358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=138274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=138274"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=138274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}