{"id":138947,"date":"2014-10-09T08:00:02","date_gmt":"2014-10-09T06:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/?p=138947"},"modified":"2014-10-03T10:28:18","modified_gmt":"2014-10-03T08:28:18","slug":"vuelta-a-las-aves-como-transportadoras-de-semillas-en-el-parrafo-sexcentesimo-cuadragesimo-tercero-del-origen-de-las-especies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/2014\/10\/09\/138947","title":{"rendered":"Vuelta a las aves, como transportadoras de semillas, en el p\u00e1rrafo sexcent\u00e9simo cuadrag\u00e9simo tercero del Origen de las Especies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ese recurso ret\u00f3rico denominado detallamiento, es decir perderse en detalles cuando uno no tiene nada que decir, es llevado aqu\u00ed a extremos ejemplares.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>643<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Although the beaks and feet of birds are generally clean, earth sometimes adheres to them: in one case I removed sixty-one grains, and in another case twenty-two grains of dry argillaceous earth from the foot of a partridge, and in the earth there was a pebble as large as the seed of a vetch. Here is a better case: the leg of a woodcock was sent to me by a friend, with a little cake of dry earth attached to the shank, weighing only nine grains; and this contained a seed of the toad-rush (Juncus bufonius) which germinated and flowered. Mr. Swaysland, of Brighton, who during the last forty years has paid close attention to our migratory birds, informs me that he has often shot wagtails (Motacillae), wheatears, and whinchats (Saxicolae), on their first arrival on our shores, before they had alighted; and he has several times noticed little cakes of earth attached to their feet. Many facts could be given showing how generally soil is charged with seeds. For instance, Professor Newton sent me the leg of a red-legged partridge (Caccabis rufa) which had been wounded and could not fly, with a ball of hard earth adhering to it, and weighing six and a half ounces. The earth had been kept for three years, but when broken, watered and placed under a bell glass, no less than eighty-two plants sprung from it: these consisted of twelve monocotyledons, including the common oat, and at least one kind of grass, and of seventy dicotyledons, which consisted, judging from the young leaves, of at least three distinct species. With such facts before us, can we doubt that the many birds which are annually blown by gales across great spaces of ocean, and which annually migrate\u2014for instance, the millions of quails across the Mediterranean\u2014must occasionally transport a few seeds embedded in dirt adhering to their feet or beaks? But I shall have to recur to this subject.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Aun cuando el pico y las patas de las aves generalmente est\u00e1n limpios, a veces se les adhiere tierra: en un caso quit\u00e9 de la pata de una perdiz 61 granos de tierra arcillosa seca, y en otro caso, 22 granos, y en la tierra habla una piedrecita del tama\u00f1o de una arveja. Un ejemplo mejor: un amigo me envi\u00f3 una pata de chocha con una plastita de tierra seca pegada al tarso que pesaba s\u00f3lo 9 granos y conten\u00eda una semilla de resbalabueyes (Juncus bulonius), que germin\u00f3 y floreci\u00f3. M\u00edster Swaysland, de Brighton, que durante los \u00faltimos cuarenta a\u00f1os ha prestado gran atenci\u00f3n a nuestras aves emigrantes, me informa que, con frecuencia, ha matado aguzanieves (Motacilla) y culiblancos (Saxicola), al momento de llegar a nuestras costas, antes de que se hubiesen posado, y muchas veces ha observado peque\u00f1as plastitas de tierra pegadas a sus pies. Podr\u00edan citarse muchos hechos que muestran cu\u00e1n general es que el suelo est\u00e9 cargado de semillas. Por ejemplo: el profesor Newton me envi\u00f3 la pata de una perdiz (Caccabis rufa) que hab\u00eda sido herida y no pod\u00eda volar, con una bola de tierra dura adherida, que pesaba seis onzas y media. La tierra fue conservada durante tres a\u00f1os; pero cuando fue rota, regada y colocada bajo una campana de cristal salieron de ella nada menos que 82 plantas: consist\u00edan \u00e9stas en 12 monocotiled\u00f3neas, entre ellas la avena com\u00fan, y, por lo menos, otra especie de gram\u00ednea, y en 70 dicotiled\u00f3neas, que pertenec\u00edan, a juzgar por sus hojas j\u00f3venes, a tres especies distintas, por lo menos. Con estos hechos a la vista, \u00bfpodemos dudar de que las muchas aves que anualmente son arrastradas por las tormentas a grandes distancias sobre el oc\u00e9ano, y las muchas que anualmente emigran -por ejemplo, los millones de codornices que atraviesan el Mediterr\u00e1neo-, han de transportar ocasionalmente unas pocas semillas empotradas en el barro que se adhiere a sus patas y picos? Pero tendr\u00e9 que volver sobre este asunto.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Lectura aconsejada:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/digital.csic.es\/handle\/10261\/76630\"> Manual para detectar la impostura cient\u00edfica: Examen del libro de Darwin por Flourens.<\/a> Digital CSIC, 2013. 225 p\u00e1ginas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ese recurso ret\u00f3rico denominado detallamiento, es decir perderse en detalles cuando uno no tiene nada que decir, es llevado aqu\u00ed a extremos ejemplares. &nbsp; 643 Although the beaks and feet of birds are generally clean, earth sometimes adheres to them: in one case I removed sixty-one grains, and in another case twenty-two grains of dry argillaceous earth from the foot of a partridge, and in the earth there was a pebble as large as the seed of a vetch. Here is a better case: the leg of a woodcock was sent to me by a friend, with a little cake\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[467,22627,2191],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138947"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=138947"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138947\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":139116,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138947\/revisions\/139116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=138947"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=138947"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=138947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}