{"id":139382,"date":"2015-01-06T08:00:32","date_gmt":"2015-01-06T06:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/?p=139382"},"modified":"2014-11-26T18:39:18","modified_gmt":"2014-11-26T16:39:18","slug":"considerando-ahora-las-reglas-que-se-siguen-en-la-clasificacion-en-el-septingentesimo-quinto-parrafo-de-el-origen-de-las-especies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/2015\/01\/06\/139382","title":{"rendered":"Considerando ahora las reglas que se siguen en la clasificaci\u00f3n en el septingent\u00e9simo quinto p\u00e1rrafo de El Origen de las Especies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Un poquito ha tardado nuestro autor en comenzar tales consideraciones. Si lo hubiese hecho antes tal vez no habr\u00eda pensado en sacar adelante el disparate de la Selecci\u00f3n natural.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>705.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Let us now consider the rules followed in classification, and the difficulties which are encountered on the view that classification either gives some unknown plan of creation, or is simply a scheme for enunciating general propositions and of placing together the forms most like each other. It might have been thought (and was in ancient times thought) that those parts of the structure which determined the habits of life, and the general place of each being in the economy of nature, would be of very high importance in classification. Nothing can be more false. No one regards the external similarity of a mouse to a shrew, of a dugong to a whale, of a whale to a fish, as of any importance. These resemblances, though so intimately connected with the whole life of the being, are ranked as merely \u00abadaptive or analogical characters;\u00bb but to the consideration of these resemblances we shall recur. It may even be given as a general rule, that the less any part of the organisation is concerned with special habits, the more important it becomes for classification. As an instance: Owen, in speaking of the dugong, says, \u00abThe generative organs, being those which are most remotely related to the habits and food of an animal, I have always regarded as affording very clear indications of its true affinities. We are least likely in the modifications of these organs to mistake a merely adaptive for an essential character.\u00bb With plants how remarkable it is that the organs of vegetation, on which their nutrition and life depend, are of little signification; whereas the organs of reproduction, with their product the seed and embryo, are of paramount importance! So again, in formerly discussing certain morphological characters which are not functionally important, we have seen that they are often of the highest service in classification. This depends on their constancy throughout many allied groups; and their constancy chiefly depends on any slight deviations not having been preserved and accumulated by natural selection, which acts only on serviceable characters.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Consideremos ahora las reglas que se siguen en la clasificaci\u00f3n y las dificultades que se encuentran, dentro de la suposici\u00f3n de que la clasificaci\u00f3n, o bien da alg\u00fan plan desconocido de creaci\u00f3n, o bien es simplemente un sistema para enunciar proposiciones generales y para reunir las formas m\u00e1s semejantes. Pod\u00eda haberse cre\u00eddo -y antiguamente se crey\u00f3- que aquellas partes de la conformaci\u00f3n que determinan las costumbres y el lugar general de cada ser en la econom\u00eda de la naturaleza habr\u00eda de tener suma importancia en la clasificaci\u00f3n. Nada puede haber m\u00e1s falso. Nadie considera como de importancia la semejanza externa entre un rat\u00f3n y una musara\u00f1a, entre un dugong y una ballena, o entre una ballena y un pez. Estas semejanzas, aunque tan \u00edntimamente unidas a toda la vida del ser, se consideran como simples caracteres de adaptaci\u00f3n y de analog\u00eda; pero ya insistiremos sobre la consideraci\u00f3n de estas semejanzas. Se puede incluso dar como regla general que cualquier parte de la organizaci\u00f3n, cuanto menos se relacione con costumbres especiales tanto m\u00e1s importante es para la clasificaci\u00f3n. Por ejemplo, Owen, al hablar del dugong, dice: \u00abLos \u00f3rganos de la generaci\u00f3n, por ser los que est\u00e1n m\u00e1s remotamente relacionados con las costumbres y alimentos de un animal, he considerado siempre que proporcionan indicaciones clar\u00edsimas sobre sus verdaderas afinidades. En las modificaciones de estos \u00f3rganos estamos menos expuestos a confundir un car\u00e1cter simplemente de adaptaci\u00f3n con un car\u00e1cter esencial\u00bb. \u00a1Qu\u00e9 notable es que, en las plantas, los \u00f3rganos vegetativos, de los que su nutrici\u00f3n y vida dependen, sean de poca significaci\u00f3n, mientras que los \u00f3rganos de reproducci\u00f3n, con su producto, la semilla y embri\u00f3n, sean de suma importancia! De igual modo tambi\u00e9n, al discutir anteriormente ciertos caracteres morfol\u00f3gicos que no tienen importancia funcional, hemos visto que, con frecuencia, son de gran utilidad en la clasificaci\u00f3n. Depende esto de su constancia en muchos grupos afines, y su constancia depende principalmente de que las variaciones ligeras no han sido conservadas y acumuladas por la selecci\u00f3n natural, que obra s\u00f3lo sobre caracteres \u00fatiles.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Lectura aconsejada:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/digital.csic.es\/handle\/10261\/76630\"> Manual para detectar la impostura cient\u00edfica: Examen del libro de Darwin por Flourens.<\/a> Digital CSIC, 2013. 225 p\u00e1ginas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Un poquito ha tardado nuestro autor en comenzar tales consideraciones. Si lo hubiese hecho antes tal vez no habr\u00eda pensado en sacar adelante el disparate de la Selecci\u00f3n natural. &nbsp; \u00a0 705. \u00a0 Let us now consider the rules followed in classification, and the difficulties which are encountered on the view that classification either gives some unknown plan of creation, or is simply a scheme for enunciating general propositions and of placing together the forms most like each other. It might have been thought (and was in ancient times thought) that those parts of the structure which determined the\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[467],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/139382"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=139382"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/139382\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":139387,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/139382\/revisions\/139387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=139382"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=139382"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/biologia_pensamiento\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=139382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}