{"id":66687,"date":"2007-05-30T04:55:00","date_gmt":"2007-05-30T04:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/\/salud_publica\/archive\/2007\/05\/30\/66687.aspx"},"modified":"2007-05-30T04:55:00","modified_gmt":"2007-05-30T04:55:00","slug":"epidemiologia-de-la-brucelosis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/salud_publica\/2007\/05\/30\/66687","title":{"rendered":"Epidemiolog\u00eda de la brucelosis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES\">Estamos hablando, en diferentes art\u00edculos, de brotes de brucelosis uno de <A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/salud_publica\/archive\/2007\/03\/09\/60818.aspx\">exposici\u00f3n laboral<\/A> y otro por <A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/salud_publica\/archive\/2007\/05\/27\/66483.aspx\">ingesta de alimentos<\/A> contaminados. Intentar\u00e9 hacer un recuerdo de la<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: purple\"> epidemiolog\u00eda de la<\/SPAN><\/B> <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: purple\"><A href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brucelosis\">brucelosis<\/A><\/SPAN><\/B>, tambi\u00e9n conocida como<\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">: <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: purple\">Fiebre ondulante, fiebre de malta, fiebre del Mediterr\u00e1neo.<x:namespace prefix = o ns = \"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\" \/><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\" align=justify><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: purple; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Seg\u00fan Benenson, en su libro: \u201cControl de las enfermedades transmisibles\u201d <\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">la brucelosis es una enfermedad bacteriana <\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES\">generalizada de comienzo agudo o insidioso, caracterizado por fiebre continua, intermitente o irregular de duraci\u00f3n variable, cefalalgia, debilidad, sudor profuso, escalofr\u00edos, artralgias, depresi\u00f3n, p\u00e9rdida de peso y malestar generalizado. En ocasiones se producen formas localizadas supurativas de \u00f3rganos, incluidos el h\u00edgado y el bazo; tambi\u00e9n se han se\u00f1alado cuadros subcl\u00ednicos e infecciones cr\u00f3nicas localizadas.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P><!--more--><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Es una <\/SPAN><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">antropozoonosis<\/SPAN><\/B><B><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"> <\/SPAN><\/I><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">ocasionada por bacterias del g\u00e9nero <\/SPAN><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Brucella,<\/SPAN><\/I><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"> de distribuci\u00f3n mundial, m\u00e1s frecuente en pa\u00edses con una extensa caba\u00f1a ganadera. <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #cc0000\">En la actualidad, se considera la principal<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>antropozoonosis a nivel mundial.<x:namespace prefix = o ns = \"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\" \/><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">La <\/SPAN><B><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">incidencia <\/SPAN><\/I><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">puede variar desde valores inferiores a 0,01\/100.000 habitantes en los pa\u00edses desarrollados hasta cifras superiores a 200\/100.000 habitantes en los pa\u00edses menos desarrollados. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">La distribuci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica de la brucelosis humana est\u00e1 en estrecha relaci\u00f3n con la distribuci\u00f3n de la brucelosis animal.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">La brucelosis presenta <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: blue\">dos patrones epidemiol\u00f3gicos<\/SPAN><\/B>:<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <UL style=\"MARGIN-TOP: 0cm\" type=disc> <LI class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1\"> <DIV align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">patr\u00f3n urbano-alimentario<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">, por consumo de leche cruda y quesos frescos, <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/DIV> <LI class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1\"> <DIV align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">patr\u00f3n rural-laboral<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">, por exposici\u00f3n profesional al ganado infectado o sus productos bien sea <SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp;<\/SPAN>por contacto o inhalaci\u00f3n.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/DIV><\/LI><\/UL> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">La distribuci\u00f3n temporal asociada al patr\u00f3n rural-laboral suele presentar un comportamiento anual con una tendencia estacional, aumentando a partir del mes de marzo hasta el comienzo del verano, que es el per\u00edodo de reproducci\u00f3n de los animales.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">En los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, se ha manifestado en Espa\u00f1a un cambio en el patr\u00f3n epidemiol\u00f3gico de la brucelosis profesional, con un desplazamiento de los casos desde los sectores primarios rurales hacia las profesiones y actividades relacionadas con las industrias l\u00e1cteas y c\u00e1rnicas, como consecuencia de la implantaci\u00f3n de las medidas de saneamiento en el ganado.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">CADENA EPIDEMIOL\u00d3GICA<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Agentes infecciosos<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">El g\u00e9nero <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Brucella <\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">est\u00e1 formado por cocobacilos gramnegativos peque\u00f1os, intracelulares facultativos, inm\u00f3viles y aerobios, no formadores de esporas, muy <SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp;<\/SPAN>resistentes a la desecaci\u00f3n lo que contribuye a que puedan permanecer viables durante largo tiempo en la paja y el polvo de los establos, o en los alimentos, como leche, mantequilla y queso. <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #cc0000\">La pasteurizaci\u00f3n destruye estas bacterias<\/SPAN><\/B>. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Cl\u00e1sicamente, las <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Brucellas <\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">se han agrupado en: <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B.melitensis, <\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">biotipos tambien llamados biovares 1-3;<I> B.abortus, <\/I>biotipos 1-6; <I>B. suis,<\/I> biotipos 1-5;<I> B. ovis <\/I><\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">y <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B. canis,<\/SPAN><\/I><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"> <\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">siguiendo el criterio del animal en que suelen hospedarse. <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/I><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Las distintas especies presentan un tropismo selectivo por un hu\u00e9sped determinado: ovejas y cabras para <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B. melitensis<\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">, b\u00f3vidos para <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B. abortus<\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">, cerdos en <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B. suis <\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">y perros en <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B. canis<\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">. <\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><\/SPAN>&nbsp;<\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p><IMG style=\"WIDTH: 309px; HEIGHT: 251px\" height=338 src=\"\/blogs\/salud_publica\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/97\/files\/675\/o_brucelosis2.jpg\" width=363><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">En general se considera que <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B. melitensis <\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">y <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B. suis <\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">son m\u00e1s virulentas que <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B. abortus <\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">o <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B.canis<\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><x:namespace prefix = st1 ns = \"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\" \/><st1:PersonName ProductID=\"La B.melitensis\" w:st=\"on\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">La <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B.melitensis<\/SPAN><\/I><\/st1:PersonName><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"> <\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp;<\/SPAN>es <\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">la especie que mayor n\u00famero de casos humanos produce<\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"> y la que habitualmente origina <SPAN style=\"COLOR: #cc0000\">cuadros m\u00e1s graves.<\/SPAN><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p><IMG style=\"WIDTH: 288px; HEIGHT: 243px\" height=115 src=\"\/blogs\/salud_publica\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/97\/files\/675\/t_96552F.jpg\" width=120><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p><STRONG><FONT color=#008000>colonias de <EM>Brucella melitensis<\/EM><\/FONT><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Las especies de <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Brucella <\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">suelen tener una distribuci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica bastante bien delimitada. As\u00ed, <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Brucella melitensis <\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">es la antropozoonosis prevalente en el \u00e1rea Mediterr\u00e1nea, Oriente Medio, norte de \u00c1frica, Am\u00e9rica Latina y algunas regiones de Asia. En Espa\u00f1a existe un predominio casi absoluto de la infecci\u00f3n humana por <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B.melitensis,<\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"> siendo el n\u00famero de cepas de origen humano de <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B. abortus <\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">es menor del&lt;1%.<\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><\/SPAN>&nbsp;<\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p><IMG style=\"WIDTH: 297px; HEIGHT: 238px\" height=275 src=\"\/blogs\/salud_publica\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/97\/files\/675\/o_96554Gabortus.jpg\" width=297><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p><FONT color=#ff1493><EM>Brucella abortus<\/EM><\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p><EM><FONT color=#ff1493><\/FONT><\/EM><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B>&nbsp;<\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Reservorio y fuentes de infecci\u00f3n<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Al ser extremadamente inusual la transmisi\u00f3n persona-persona, los principales reservorios de la enfermedad y fuentes de infecci\u00f3n para el hombre son el ganado vacuno, porcino, caprino y ovino. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">En los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os a trav\u00e9s de campa\u00f1as nacionales de erradicaci\u00f3n se ha logrado reducir notablemente la prevalencia de la infecci\u00f3n por <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B. abortus <\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">en el ganado bovino. Sin embargo, pese a que tambi\u00e9n existe una campa\u00f1a nacional de erradicaci\u00f3n de la infecci\u00f3n por <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B. melitensis <\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">en ganado ovino y caprino, esta infecci\u00f3n mantiene todav\u00eda una elevada prevalencia en Espa\u00f1a.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Teniendo presente el elevado censo de ganado ovino (m\u00e1s de 20 millones de cabezas) y caprino (alrededor de 3 millones y medio), es natural que, en Espa\u00f1a, la mayor\u00eda de los casos humanos sean debidos a <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">B. melitensi<\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">s. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Mecanismos de transmisi\u00f3n<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Directo:<\/SPAN><\/B><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"> <\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Mediante <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: blue\">contacto, inhalaci\u00f3n o inoculaci\u00f3n<\/SPAN><\/B> de productos o muestras biol\u00f3gicas contaminadas. El contacto con animal infectado o sus productos (placenta, heces, orina, fetos, etc.) es probablemente el mecanismo principal de transmisi\u00f3n de la enfermedad. Las brucelas penetran a trav\u00e9s de la piel sana y de las mucosas nasal y conjuntival. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">La ruta por inhalaci\u00f3n ocurre habitualmente como un <A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/salud_publica\/archive\/2007\/03\/11\/60912.aspx\">riesgo profesional<\/A> entre pastores, trabajadores de mataderos, carniceros, trabajadores de plantas de <A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/salud_publica\/archive\/2007\/03\/09\/60818.aspx\">procesamiento de l\u00e1cteos<\/A> o de carne, veterinarios, trabajadores de la lana y trabajadores de laboratorios. Tambi\u00e9n en la limpieza de establos y apriscos se producen aerosoles cargados de brucellas. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Indirecto<\/SPAN><\/B><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">: <\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">La <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: blue\">ingesti\u00f3n <A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/salud_publica\/archive\/2007\/03\/09\/60818.aspx\">de leche cruda no pasteurizada contaminada y sus derivados<\/A><\/SPAN><\/B> es la fuente m\u00e1s frecuente de transmisi\u00f3n de la enfermedad en zonas end\u00e9micas.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">El queso fresco, no curado, de procedencia casera y no sometido a control sanitario, es el principal veh\u00edculo, dando lugar a brotes epid\u00e9micos.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp;<\/SPAN><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Per\u00edodo de incubaci\u00f3n<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">El per\u00edodo de incubaci\u00f3n de la brucelosis es muy variable, oscila entre 5 y 60 d\u00edas. Por lo general es <SPAN style=\"COLOR: purple\">de una a tres semanas<\/SPAN>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Hay cuatro formas distintas de presentaci\u00f3n de <A href=\"http:\/\/www.health.state.ny.us\/es\/diseases\/communicable\/brucellosis\/fact_sheet.htm\">la enfermedad<\/A>:<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Forma asintom\u00e1tica<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">: Causada frecuentemente por la inoculaci\u00f3n accidental de material vacunal de especial relevancia en el medio profesional.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Las formas cl\u00ednicas solapadas, con per\u00edodos de evoluci\u00f3n prolongados, cursan con febr\u00edcula, astenia y artralgias y son m\u00e1s caracter\u00edsticas de las \u00e1reas con menor nivel sanitario.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Forma septic\u00e9mica:<\/SPAN><\/B><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"> <\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Caracterizada por un estado bacteri\u00e9mico con fiebre elevada, escalofr\u00edos, sudoraci\u00f3n profusa de olor caracter\u00edstico, cefalea, quebrantamiento general y artromialgias. En la exploraci\u00f3n general se encuentra hepato-esplenomegalia<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>y adenopat\u00edas.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Formas localizadas:<\/SPAN><\/B><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"> <\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">La forma localizada m\u00e1s frecuente es la <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">sacroileiti<\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">s en los j\u00f3venes y la <\/SPAN><I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">espondiliti<\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">s en varones de edad avanzada.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Forma cr\u00f3nica:<\/SPAN><\/B><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"> <\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">el t\u00e9rmino \u201cbrucelosis cr\u00f3nica\u201d debe reservarse para los pacientes cuya enfermedad lleva un per\u00edodo de evoluci\u00f3n superior a los 6 meses. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Las recidivas suelen ser debidas a una interrupci\u00f3n prematura del tratamiento. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Las definiciones de caso, forma de presentaci\u00f3n en brotes y las <A href=\"http:\/\/www.mtas.es\/insht\/ntp\/ntp_224.htm\">medidas de prevenci\u00f3n y control<\/A> se encuentran detalladas en los art\u00edculos ya mencionados.<\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><\/SPAN><\/B>&nbsp;<\/P><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><st1:PersonName w:st=\"on\"><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\">Consuelo<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:PersonName><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: HE\"> Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez Mart\u00ed, m\u00e9dico salubrista y epidemi\u00f3loga<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\" align=justify><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B>&nbsp;<\/P><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Estamos hablando, en diferentes art\u00edculos, de brotes de brucelosis uno de exposici\u00f3n laboral y otro por ingesta de alimentos contaminados. Intentar\u00e9 hacer un recuerdo de la epidemiolog\u00eda de la brucelosis, tambi\u00e9n conocida como: Fiebre ondulante, fiebre de malta, fiebre del Mediterr\u00e1neo. &nbsp; Seg\u00fan Benenson, en su libro: \u201cControl de las enfermedades transmisibles\u201d la brucelosis es una enfermedad bacteriana generalizada de comienzo agudo o insidioso, caracterizado por fiebre continua, intermitente o irregular de duraci\u00f3n variable, cefalalgia, debilidad, sudor profuso, escalofr\u00edos, artralgias, depresi\u00f3n, p\u00e9rdida de peso y malestar generalizado. En ocasiones se producen formas localizadas supurativas de \u00f3rganos, incluidos el h\u00edgado y\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[683,668],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/salud_publica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66687"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/salud_publica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/salud_publica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/salud_publica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/74"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/salud_publica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66687"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/salud_publica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66687\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/salud_publica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66687"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/salud_publica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66687"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/salud_publica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66687"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}