{"id":108698,"date":"2008-12-04T14:32:00","date_gmt":"2008-12-04T14:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/\/universo\/archive\/2008\/12\/04\/108698.aspx"},"modified":"2010-01-22T03:50:00","modified_gmt":"2010-01-22T02:50:00","slug":"el-renacer-de-la-ciencia-del-suelo-en-las-revistas-de-mayor-prestigio-internacional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/2008\/12\/04\/108698","title":{"rendered":"El Renacer de la Ciencia del Suelo en las Revistas de Mayor Prestigio Internacional"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nuevas investigaciones nos muestran  <\/SPAN>que deber\u00edamos <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/I><\/B><\/P>

estar mirando al suelo en lugar de al cielo con vistas<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/I><\/B><\/P>

a analizar en donde el cambio clim\u00e1tico  <\/SPAN>afectar\u00e1<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/I><\/B><\/P>

 <\/SPAN>m\u00e1s el futuro de la vida y del ser humano<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/I><\/B><\/P>

(Myrna J. Simpson, Terradaily)<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/I><\/B><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>

Los sufridores asiduos a esta bit\u00e1cora conoc\u00e9is sobradamente mis reiteradas e insistentes quejas a cerca de la marginaci\u00f3n de la ciencia del suelo<\/SPAN><\/B> en las revistas cient\u00edficas de mayor prestigio internacional, l\u00e9ase Nature, Science, PNAS<\/SPAN><\/B>, as\u00ed como en las de divulgaci\u00f3n del tipo de <\/SPAN>National Geographic<\/SPAN><\/B>. Sin embargo, en los \u00faltimos meses, parece que algo comienza a cambiar<\/SPAN><\/B>. Llevo varios a\u00f1os recibiendo las alertas de muchas de estas revistas, as\u00ed como varios Boletines de Noticias cient\u00edficas m\u00e1s prestigiosos  <\/SPAN>de USA (Como Sciencedaily<\/SPAN><\/B>, Terradaily<\/SPAN><\/B>, etc.). Sin embargo no encontraba muchos estudios edafol\u00f3gicos y eran f\u00e1ciles de rastrear. Pero ahora comienzan a desbordarme<\/SPAN><\/B> (\u00a1que maravilla!). Todo apunta a que de nuevo nuestra disciplina comienza a formar parte de<\/SPAN><\/B> lo que los cursis denominan la \u201cmainstream<\/SPAN><\/I>\u201d de la literatura intencional<\/SPAN><\/B>, tras d\u00e9cadas de un profundo ostracismo. Mientras tanto, movimientos como los de la zona cr\u00edtica terrestre y el reconocimiento de los sedimentos<\/SPAN><\/B> marinos como suelos<\/SPAN><\/B> de hecho, son rasgos de que el antiguo paradigma agron\u00f3mico comienza a resquebrajarse<\/SPAN><\/B>.  <\/SPAN>Un hecho es indicativo, aunque indirecto, de tal revoluci\u00f3n incipiente consistir\u00eda en que \u2026\u2026\u2026  <\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

<\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

<\/o:p><\/SPAN> <\/P>

Portadas de las Revistas Nature en la que <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

se habla de suelos y aparece en portada.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

Cuando en las entrevistas a los cient\u00edficos que publican <\/SPAN><\/B>los resultados de sus estudios en las revistas mentadas comienzan a reiterarse frases referentes a la necesidad de estudiar los suelos<\/SPAN><\/B> en profundidad con vistas a entender la biosfera, el cambio clim\u00e1tico, etc\u2026, digamos que se trata de una buena noticia<\/SPAN><\/B>. Lo mismo ocurr\u00eda al inicio de <\/SPAN><\/B>la andadura de las convenciones sobre desertificaci\u00f3n, cambio clim\u00e1tico, biodiversidad, etc. Sus comentarios no pasan, en la mayor parte de ser obviedades<\/SPAN><\/B>, (como en los casos aludidos), por lo que no voy a repet\u00edroslos, ya que los sabemos de sobra. Espurios. Al final de este post incluyo uno publicado por Terra Daily<\/SPAN><\/B>.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

Posiblemente cre\u00e1is que se trata de una apreciaci\u00f3n subjetiva, pero discrepo de los que opin\u00e9is as\u00ed. En cualquier caso, las pruebas vienen debajo<\/SPAN> <\/B>(una muestra peque\u00f1a de lo que ocurre). Una me lleg\u00f3 v\u00eda las alertas de la IUSS<\/SPAN><\/B>, otro leyendo los contenidos que env\u00edan estas revistas directamente<\/SPAN><\/B>, la \u00faltimas de los boletines de noticias<\/SPAN><\/B>. Abajo pod\u00e9is ver, por ejemplo, como Nature<\/SPAN><\/B> public\u00f3 dos en octubre, mientras que Nature Geoscience <\/SPAN><\/B>seis este mes de diciembre de 2008. Reitero que no estoy siendo exhaustivo, por cuento en los boletines mentados estoy analizando de seis a ocho diarios. Tampoco olvidar el post que dediqu\u00e9 al monogr\u00e1fico que sobre edafolog\u00eda dedic\u00f3 \u201cNational Geographic<\/SPAN><\/B>\u201d en septiembre de 2008 (en ingl\u00e9s; noviembre para la versi\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola). En el PNAS<\/SPAN><\/B> se esta tambi\u00e9n escribiendo mucho sobre suelos \u00faltimamente. No hab\u00eda visto nada as\u00ed desde que comenc\u00e9 la andadura como blogger hace tres a\u00f1os y dos meses. \u00bfComienzo de una nueva era m\u00e1s prometedora para nosotros?<\/SPAN><\/B>. Sinceramente espero que s\u00ed. A pesar de todo, debemos poner nuestro granito de arena. Poco a poco, las iniciativas aludidas de los propios edaf\u00f3logos<\/SPAN><\/B> (suelos marinos, zona cr\u00edtica terrestre) comienzan a revolucionar un periodo plagado de lamentos y quejas, pero enclavado en la inercia del pasado paradigma agron\u00f3mico<\/SPAN><\/B>. Esperemos lo mejor. Seguidamente os a\u00f1ado algunas \u201cpruebas\u201d.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

Juan Jos\u00e9 Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez    <\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

IUSS Alert – 44 (December 2008)  <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>

Information for and from the global soil science community<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

So<\/SPAN>il on the Nature cover: There are no weekly soil science articles published in the top journals. <\/SPAN><\/B><\/SPAN>The 30th October issue of the international weekly journal of science, Nature, has a soil profile on the cover and two articles on<\/SPAN><\/B> what presumably are paleosols. <\/SPAN>The Nature cover shows a soil pit from\u2026\u2026<\/SPAN><\/B> <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

Nature Geoscience: December 2008 Volume 1, Issue 12<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

Carbon cycle: A return to Soviet soils<\/SPAN><\/STRONG> p810<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/P>

Anna Armstrong<\/SPAN>
doi:10.1038\/ngeo374 <\/A><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN>Full Text<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN> | <\/SPAN><\/A>PDF<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>


Geomorphology: Mountains and monsoons <\/SPAN><\/STRONG>pp814 \u2013 815<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/P>

A. Joshua West<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

doi:10.1038\/ngeo369
The influence of climate on mountain building has long been debated. A reconstruction for the past 25 million years suggests coincidence of <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

Himalayan erosion and monsoon intensification, hinting at a causal relationship.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

<\/A>Full Text<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN> | <\/SPAN><\/A>PDF<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN>; See also:<\/SPAN><\/STRONG> <\/SPAN><\/A>Article by Clift <\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/SPAN>et al<\/SPAN><\/I><\/SPAN><\/SPAN>.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

Soil science: Heat-proof carbon compound pp815 – 816<\/SPAN><\/STRONG>
Cindy Prescott
doi:10.1038\/ngeo371
Two-thirds of terrestrial carbon is stored as organic matter in soils, but its response to warming has yet to be resolved. A soil warming experiment in a Canadian forest has revealed that the leaf-derived compound cutin is resistant to decomposition under elevated temperatures. <\/A><\/SPAN><\/SPAN>Full Text<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN> | <\/SPAN><\/A>PDF<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN>; See also:<\/SPAN><\/STRONG> <\/SPAN><\/A>Letter by Feng <\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/SPAN>et al<\/SPAN><\/I><\/SPAN><\/SPAN>.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/P>

Australian climate-carbon cycle feedback reduced by soil black carbon  pp832 – 835<\/SPAN><\/STRONG>
Johannes Lehmann, Jan Skjemstad, Saran Sohi, John Carter, Michele Barson, Pete Falloon, Kevin Coleman, Peter Woodbury and Evelyn Krull
doi:10.1038\/ngeo358
Global warming is likely to increase soil organic carbon decomposition, and thus CO2<\/SUB> release to the atmosphere, creating a positive feedback cycle. Inclusion of realistic estimates of soil black carbon in a climate model results in a decrease in soil CO2 emission in Australia by up to 24.4% following a 3 \u00b0C warming over 100 years, suggesting that black carbon reduces the strength of this feedback.
<\/SPAN><\/A>First paragraph<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN> | <\/A>Full Text<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN> | <\/A>PDF<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

<\/o:p><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>

Increased cuticular carbon sequestration and lignin oxidation in response to soil warming<\/SPAN><\/STRONG> pp836 – 839<\/SPAN><\/STRONG>
Xiaojuan Feng, Andr\u00e9 J. Simpson, Kevin P. Wilson, D. Dudley Williams and Myrna J. Simpson
doi:10.1038\/ngeo361
Future climate warming is predicted to accelerate the decomposition of labile soil organic matter, but to have little impact on the degradation of biochemically resistant organic compounds such as leaf cuticles and lignin. However, 14 months of soil warming in a temperate mixed forest resulted in a build-up of leaf-cuticle-derived carbon and an increased decomposition of lignin in soils.
<\/SPAN><\/A>First paragraph<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN> | <\/SPAN>Full Text<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/A><\/SPAN> | <\/SPAN><\/A>PDF<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN>; See also:<\/SPAN><\/STRONG> <\/SPAN>News and Views by Prescott<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

Resumen en Terradaily<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

Global Warming Is Changing Organic Matter In Soil<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/A><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

by Staff Writers
Toronto, Canada (SPX) Dec 03, 2008
New research shows that we should be looking to the ground, not the sky, to see where climate change could have its most perilous impact on life on Earth<\/SPAN>. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

Scientists at the University of Toronto Scarborough have published research findings in the prestigious journal, Nature Geoscience<\/SPAN><\/B>, that show global warming actually changes the molecular structure of organic matter in soil.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

\u00abSoil contains more than twice the amount of carbon than does the atmosphere, yet, until now, scientists haven’t examined this significant carbon pool closely<\/SPAN><\/B>,\u00bb says Myrna J. Simpson, principal investigator and Associate Professor of Environmental Chemistry at UTSC. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

\u00abThrough our research, we’ve sought to determine what soils are made up of at the molecular level and whether this composition will change in a warmer world<\/SPAN><\/B>.\u00bb <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

Soil organic matter is what makes dirt fertile and able to support plant life – both of which are especially important for agriculture. <\/SPAN><\/B>Organic matter retains water in the soil and prevents erosion. Natural processes of decomposition of soil organic matter provide plants and microbes with the energy source and water they need to grow, and carbon is released into the atmosphere as a by-product of this process<\/SPAN><\/B>. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

Warming temperatures are expected to speed up this process which will increase the amount of CO2 that is transferred to the atmosphere. \u00abFrom the perspective of agriculture, we can’t afford to lose carbon from the soil because<\/SPAN><\/B> it will change soil fertility and enhance erosion\u00bb says Simpson. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

\u00abAlternatively, consider all the carbon locked up in permafrost in the <\/SPAN><\/B><\/SPAN>Arctic<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:place>. We also need to understand what will happen to the stored carbon when microbes become more active under warmer temperatures.\u00bb Until Simpson’s research, scientists didn’t know much about soil’s molecular composition. <\/SPAN>Part of the reason is that, from a chemical perspective, soil is difficult to analyze due to<\/SPAN><\/B> its many components, including bacteria, fungi and an array of fresh, partially degraded, or old plant material. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

Simpson’s team, which includes research collaborators Professors Dudley Williams and Andre Simpson, is uniquely positioned to address this new frontier. <\/SPAN>The team uses a NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) facility – the only NMR facility in Canada specifically dedicated to environmental research – <\/SPAN><\/B>to gain a detailed view of soil’s molecular structure and reactivity. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

In their current study, Simpson’s team used an outdoor field experiment in the valley behind the UTSC campus to ensure natural ecosystem processes were preserved. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

 <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

Electrodes warmed the test soil between three and six degrees through winter and summer seasons, over a 14-month period. <\/SPAN>Throughout the test period, the team analyzed the molecular composition of soil samples. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nuevas investigaciones nos muestran  que deber\u00edamos estar mirando al suelo en lugar de al cielo con vistas a analizar en donde el cambio clim\u00e1tico  afectar\u00e1  m\u00e1s el futuro de la vida y del ser humano (Myrna J. Simpson, Terradaily)   Los sufridores asiduos a esta bit\u00e1cora conoc\u00e9is sobradamente mis reiteradas e insistentes quejas a cerca de la marginaci\u00f3n de la ciencia del suelo en las revistas cient\u00edficas de mayor prestigio internacional, l\u00e9ase Nature, Science, PNAS, as\u00ed como en las de divulgaci\u00f3n del tipo de National Geographic. Sin embargo, en los \u00faltimos meses, parece que algo comienza a cambiar. Llevo varios\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[618,597,587,615,606,611],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108698"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=108698"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108698\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":134799,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108698\/revisions\/134799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=108698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=108698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=108698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}