{"id":110067,"date":"2008-12-21T13:13:00","date_gmt":"2008-12-21T13:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/\/universo\/archive\/2008\/12\/21\/110067.aspx"},"modified":"2010-01-22T03:50:19","modified_gmt":"2010-01-22T02:50:19","slug":"suelos-salinos-aguas-salobres-y-agricultura-sustentable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/2008\/12\/21\/110067","title":{"rendered":"Suelos Salinos, Aguas Salobres y Agricultura Sustentable"},"content":{"rendered":"

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La utilizaci\u00f3n de suelos salinos con fines agropecuarios es del m\u00e1ximo inter\u00e9s<\/SPAN><\/B>, dada la gran extensi\u00f3n que cubren los suelos<\/SPAN><\/B> naturalmente salinos, as\u00ed como los salinizados<\/SPAN><\/B> debido a un deficiente sistema de irrigaci\u00f3n<\/SPAN><\/B>. El bolet\u00edn de noticias <\/SPAN>\u201c<\/SPAN>Science Centric<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN>\u201d public\u00f3 en diciembre de 2008 un interesante nota que llevaba por t\u00edtulo: \u201c<\/SPAN>Salt water irrigation: Study shows it works<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN>\u201d, basada en un art\u00edculo recientemente aparecido en la revista <\/SPAN>Agriculture<\/SPAN><\/B>, Ecosystems and Environment<\/SPAN><\/B>. De acuerdo a sus autores resulta posible su explotaci\u00f3n utilizando una planta forrajera tolerante a la sal en combinaci\u00f3n con otra bioacumuladora de la misma, que<\/SPAN><\/B> tras ser incinerada es convertida en jab\u00f3n. Tal manejo es acompa\u00f1ado por la irrigaci\u00f3n con aguas salobres<\/SPAN><\/B>. La primera <\/SPAN><\/B>especie resulta ser Panicum turgidum<\/FONT><\/A><\/I>, (una especie de gram\u00ednea<\/SPAN><\/B> t\u00edpica de los ambientes des\u00e9rticos<\/SPAN><\/B>) la segunda no es explicitada, pero hay muchas. Tal actividad puede ser muy interesante con vistas a paliar la producci\u00f3n de alimentos, y en especial en los biomas \u00e1ridos y semi\u00e1ridos del planeta<\/SPAN><\/B>, es decir en donde m\u00e1s suele necesitarse.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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Panicum turgidum<\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/I><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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Panicum turgidum<\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/I> parece ofrecer con tales sistemas de manejo a una producci\u00f3n nada despreciable<\/SPAN><\/B>, que podr\u00eda aumentar m\u00e1s cuando se ajusten las dosis de fertilizantes<\/SPAN><\/B> adecuadas. Esta planta no absorbe la sal y es rica en prote\u00ednas<\/SPAN><\/B>. Sin embargo, al irrigar con aguas salobres<\/SPAN><\/B>, la concentraci\u00f3n de sales en un suelo ya de por s\u00ed salino, podr\u00eda aumentar, da\u00f1ando la fertilidad<\/SPAN><\/B> f\u00edsica (deterioro de la estructura ed\u00e1fica) y qu\u00edmica del suelo, ya se por s\u00ed salino. Con vistas a evitar tal problema<\/SPAN><\/B>, los autores proponen pues la inclusi\u00f3n de otra(s) especies que aunque no sean palatables, acumulan las sales es sus tejidos, evitando as\u00ed que se precipiten en el suelo<\/SPAN><\/B>. Como hemos mencionado, luego de cumplir su misi\u00f3n son recolectadas e incineradas, siendo el producto resultante apto para producir jab\u00f3n. Al parecer se pueden obtener varias cosechas anuales, lo que ya de por s\u00ed a\u00f1ade m\u00e1s valor a este sistema de gesti\u00f3n. <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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Pastoreo actual en ambientes \u00e1ridos. <\/o:p><\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/P>

Fuente. Revista Ecosistemas<\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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El estudio parece en s\u00ed muy interesante, y de resultar cierto podr\u00eda paliar el hambre en amplias regiones del planeta <\/SPAN><\/B>con una dieta principalmente carn\u00edvora, en caso de pueblos aut\u00e1rquicos. Obviamente, tambi\u00e9n puede entrar en el mercado de exportaci\u00f3n para poder adquirir otros alimentos vegetales. Sin embargo, el estudio tan solo cubre un a\u00f1o, por lo que habr\u00e1 que esperar a analizar como responde el agroecosistema tras varios ciclos anuales<\/SPAN><\/B>. Finalmente, los investigadores no se resisten a poder \u201ctocar los genes<\/SPAN><\/B>\u201d de P\u00e1nicum<\/I> (panicum me producen ellos). Lo que desconozco es en que ambientes y tipos de suelos puede crecer esta especie. Ser\u00eda raro que fuera viable en casi todos los suelos salinos del mundo irrigados por cualquier clase de aguas salobres<\/SPAN><\/B>. En cualquier caso la publicaci\u00f3n parece interesante y habr\u00e1 que profundizar m\u00e1s en el asunto. Os dejo ya con la noticia en suahili.  <\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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Juan Jos\u00e9 Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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Salt water irrigation: Study shows it works<\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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Bolet\u00edn de Noticias \u201cScience Centric<\/FONT><\/A>\u201d<\/SPAN> <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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Take an arid field <\/SPAN><\/B>riddled with salty soil<\/SPAN><\/B>. <\/SPAN>Irrigate it with salty water. Plant a salt-tolerant grass along with a salt-sucking companion plant <\/SPAN><\/B>and what do you get? If you’re a Brigham Young University research team, you raise a crop that successfully replaces corn as cattle feed<\/SPAN><\/B>.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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Their research highlights the promise of using salty water to turn the salty soil in the world’s arid regions into sustainable agricultural<\/SPAN><\/B> land<\/SPAN><\/B>. Just published online in the journal Agriculture<\/B><\/SPAN>, Ecosystems and Environment<\/SPAN><\/B> ahead of the February issue, the study identified a plant that could thrive in yet-unusable lands near the coasts in much of the world<\/SPAN><\/B>. <\/SPAN>But don’t throw away your salt-shakers – the beef from the cattle raised on it tastes just the same as the meat you’re used to.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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‘It seems odd that salty soil and salty water could produce useful crops<\/SPAN><\/B>, but that’s what this study showed,’ said Brent Nielsen, chair of BYU’s microbiology and molecular biology department and corresponding author on the study. ‘It’s exciting to share in work that directly benefits people who need to find more land in order to produce the food and income they need to survive.’<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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The research team focused on a plant called Panicum turgidum<\/SPAN><\/I><\/B> that can grow in salty conditions<\/SPAN><\/B>. They measured its protein content and determined that it could be a suitable alternative to existing cattle feed<\/SPAN><\/B>. Then they tested its growth potential when irrigated with the salty water found in the area<\/SPAN><\/B>. They showed that Panicum grew so fast it could be harvested almost monthly<\/SPAN><\/B>. Overall, with limited fertiliser, they produced 60,000 kilograms per hectare<\/SPAN><\/B> during the yearlong study. Nielsen is confident that further studies that determine the best ratios of fertiliser will boost that number over 100,000 kilograms.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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The researchers also used nature to preserve a sustainable growing environment. Panicum is a ‘salt excluder<\/SPAN><\/B>,’ meaning it survives salty conditions by keeping salt out of its system, which most other plants can’t do. Although this allows Panicum to grow on salty water, the extra salt deposited by irrigation would render the soil too salty for even this hardy plant<\/SPAN><\/B>. So the researchers found that planting a companion crop that is a ‘salt accumulator’ prevented the soil from getting too salty<\/SPAN><\/B>. The other plant sucked up the extra salt, then was harvested and burned and the ashes turned into soap<\/SPAN><\/B>. After the yearlong study, the levels of salt in the soil were virtually unchanged<\/SPAN><\/B>.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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The Balochistan region of southern Pakistan<\/SPAN><\/B>, where Nielsen’s collaborators conducted the test, is one of the world’s driest places, and the underground water supply is ‘brackish’ or salty because<\/SPAN><\/B> of its proximity to the Indian Ocean.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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There is a strong demand for fodder to feed the cattle that are a main source of income in the region, so a crop that can grow successfully in these conditions ‘would have enormous impact on the quality of life in local communities,’ said Ajmal Khan, a professor at the University of Karachi, director of the Pakistani research team and first author on the paper.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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The Panicum was fed to cattle, and the cattle grew as big or bigger as those fed corn, with similar amounts of protein in their meat<\/SPAN><\/B>. As world populations grow and agricultural land is threatened, this new approach can open up more crops for both livestock and humans, Nielsen said. ‘By being able to transfer production of animal feed closer to the coasts, where you have these salty soils<\/SPAN><\/B>, more useful agricultural lands can be free for vegetable and grain production for human consumption,’ he said.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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Now that Nielsen and his research colleagues have established that their approach works, they are taking a closer look at how the plant uses ‘tricks of nature’ to survive a salty environment. Then the researchers want to explore breeding those traits into more traditional food crops. <\/SPAN>Another possibility is discovering the genes that help it tolerate salt and genetically engineering other plants to do the same<\/SPAN><\/B>. Nielsen’s collaboration with Khan and his other Pakistani colleagues grew out of Khan’s multiple stints at BYU under the guidance of now-retired BYU scientist Darrell Weber. <\/SPAN>Khan, whose wife Bilquees Gul earned her Ph.D. at BYU and is also a coauthor on the study, said he hopes to ‘continue 23 years of very useful association with BYU.’<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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Source: Brigham Young University<\/FONT><\/A><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P><\/p>\n

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  La utilizaci\u00f3n de suelos salinos con fines agropecuarios es del m\u00e1ximo inter\u00e9s, dada la gran extensi\u00f3n que cubren los suelos naturalmente salinos, as\u00ed como los salinizados debido a un deficiente sistema de irrigaci\u00f3n. El bolet\u00edn de noticias \u201cScience Centric\u201d public\u00f3 en diciembre de 2008 un interesante nota que llevaba por t\u00edtulo: \u201cSalt water irrigation: Study shows it works\u201d, basada en un art\u00edculo recientemente aparecido en la revista Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. De acuerdo a sus autores resulta posible su explotaci\u00f3n utilizando una planta forrajera tolerante a la sal en combinaci\u00f3n con otra bioacumuladora de la misma, que tras ser\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[612,613,600],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t