{"id":119548,"date":"2009-06-04T13:35:00","date_gmt":"2009-06-04T13:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/\/universo\/archive\/2009\/06\/04\/119548.aspx"},"modified":"2010-01-22T03:52:19","modified_gmt":"2010-01-22T02:52:19","slug":"contaminacion-de-suelos-y-aguas-en-culturas-y-civilizaciones-ancestrales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/2009\/06\/04\/119548","title":{"rendered":"Contaminaci\u00f3n de Suelos y Aguas en Culturas y Civilizaciones Ancestrales"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt\">Parece que desde que el hombre es hombre, o al menos desde los albores de las primeras civilizaciones, no tenemos piedad con la biosfera. Aunque siempre he admirado muchas <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">pr\u00e1cticas ancestrales <\/SPAN><\/B>y la sabidur\u00eda del <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">conocimiento campesino<\/SPAN><\/B>, tampoco defiendo la idea \u201cdel buen salvaje\u201d. <SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp;<\/SPAN>El 21 de <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">Noviembre de 2009<\/SPAN><\/B> la Agencia de Noticias Cient\u00edficas <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">Terradaily<\/SPAN><\/B> nos informaba (<\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB><A href=\"http:\/\/www.terradaily.com\/reports\/First_Evidence_Of_Pre_Industrial_Mercury_Pollution_In_The_Andes_999.html\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES\" lang=ES>First Evidence Of Pre-Industrial Mercury Pollution In The Andes<\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt\">) de un tema de candente actualidad: la <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">contaminaci\u00f3n de suelos y acu\u00edferos por mercurio<\/SPAN><\/B>. Ya hablamos n un post anterior acerca de tema semejante, por cuanto al menos 140millones de personas en el <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">SE asi\u00e1tico<\/SPAN><\/B> padecen graves problemas de mortalidad y morbilidad debido a la <A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/universo\/archive\/2009\/06\/02\/119362.aspx\"><FONT color=#800080>contaminaci\u00f3n de suelos y acu\u00edferos por ars\u00e9nico<\/FONT><\/A>. La diferencia estriba en que, mientras en el \u00faltimo caso la tecnolog\u00eda ind\u00edgena paliaba problemas que la tecnolog\u00eda moderna generaba, en el que os narraremos hoy no sucedi\u00f3 lo mismo.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>Eso s\u00ed, <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">una<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>vez m\u00e1s, la clave del proceso se encuentra en las extracciones mineras<\/SPAN><\/B>, no en las aguas de los acu\u00edferos, ni tampoco ocasionado por las actividades industriales modernas. Terradaily nos informaba que <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">tal contaminaci\u00f3n por ars\u00e9nico se remonta a la acci\u00f3n de una incipiente miner\u00eda de las culturas abor\u00edgenes hace unos 3.400 a\u00f1os<\/SPAN><\/B>.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>M\u00e1s a\u00fan, el problema comenz\u00f3 <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">con anterioridad a la emergencia de las grandes culturas precolombinas<\/SPAN><\/B>, al menos en <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">Per\u00fa. <\/SPAN><\/B><\/SPAN><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>\u00bfRaz\u00f3n?. La coqueter\u00eda humana<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;<IMG src=\"\/blogs\/universo\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/42\/files\/804\/o_oldest-pollution-Marcury%20Peru.jpg\" width=435 height=490><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt\"><A href=\"http:\/\/alkaidarqueologia.blogspot.com\/\"><FONT color=#800080>Primera evidencia de la contaminaci\u00f3n por Mercurio<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN class=MsoHyperlink><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt\"><A href=\"http:\/\/alkaidarqueologia.blogspot.com\/\"><FONT color=#800080>Fuente: Alkaid Arqueolog\u00eda prehist\u00f3rica<\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P><!--more--><P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt\">Ya os habl\u00e9 de <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">un libro<\/SPAN><\/B> francamente interesante (<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">Nadie Pierde<\/SPAN><\/B>) en el que se aplicaba la <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">teor\u00eda de juegos<\/SPAN><\/B> con vistas a analizar la<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\"> evoluci\u00f3n cultural y tecnol\u00f3gica<\/SPAN><\/B> de la sociedad. Mas concretamente me refiero a este: \u201c<A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/universo\/archive\/2009\/04\/18\/116623.aspx\">Teor\u00eda de Juegos, Evoluci\u00f3n y Complejidad y Crisis Econ\u00f3mica<\/A>\u201d. Su autor, Robert Wrigth, defend\u00eda que <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">una buena parte de las innovaciones tecnol\u00f3gicas y el comercio entre pueblos no surgieron con vistas a intercambiar bienes primarios, sino otros espurios<\/SPAN><\/B> con los que los \u201chombres importantes\u201d hac\u00edan <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">ostentaci\u00f3n de su poder<\/SPAN><\/B>.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>Y una vez M\u00e1s, Don Roberto, podr\u00eda llevar la raz\u00f3n, ya que la noticia nos informa de que <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">el mercurio era utilizado con vistas a producir una pintura rojo bermell\u00f3n con la que se pintaban estatuillas de oro en los enterramientos de los jefes y nobles<\/SPAN><\/B>. La contaminaci\u00f3n por mercurio pre-inca parec\u00eda deberse a la inhalaci\u00f3n de las part\u00edculas de polvo desprendida de las minas. Sin embargo, con la emergencia de tal Imperio el problema se recrudeci\u00f3 al ser emitido el veneno en forma de vapor. Al parecer los materiles extra\u00eddos eran <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">acarreado a grandes distancias<\/SPAN><\/B>, existiendo la posibilidad de que se <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">convirtiera en un producto altamente t\u00f3xico para los seres humanos<\/SPAN><\/B> como el <A href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metilmercurio\">metilmercurio<\/A>,<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\"> neurot\u00f3xico que genera graves problemas de salud<\/SPAN><\/B>, como tambi\u00e9n ocurre actualmente en diversas partes del Planeta. Este <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">se transmite por toda la Cadena tr\u00f3fica<\/SPAN><\/B> (\u2026.). Todos estos hallazgos se han obtenido <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">analizando los sedimentos lacustres<\/SPAN><\/B>. Debido a que <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">hoy en d\u00eda son considerados como suelos<\/SPAN><\/B>, tanto por la<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\"> WRB,<\/SPAN><\/B>como por la <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">USDA-ST<\/SPAN><\/B>, podemos hablar tambi\u00e9n de <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: green\">evidencias de los primeros suelos sumergidos contaminados por metales pesados<\/SPAN><\/B>. Y como el consumo de pescado deb\u00eda ser una de sus principales fuentes alimenticias, tal como lo es hoy en d\u00eda (\u2026..). M\u00e1s a\u00fan, <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: green\">en las zonas mineras y sus aleda\u00f1os, los edafotaxa a\u00e9reos tambi\u00e9n se encontrar\u00edan contaminados<\/SPAN><\/B>. Resumiendo, que <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">desde hace milenios el hombre se encuentra pagando caro su coqueter\u00eda y af\u00e1n de protagonismo personal<\/SPAN><\/B>. El problema es que no afect\u00f3 tan solo a estos \u201chombres importantes\u201d, sino a toda la poblaci\u00f3n. Y ello aun <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">antes de la aparici\u00f3n de civilizaciones altamente sofisticadas y con alto grado de estratificaci\u00f3n social<\/SPAN><\/B>, como la <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">Inca<\/SPAN><\/B>. Pero como ya he comentado, las civilizaciones y sus estratificaciones sociales generan desheredados sobre los que carga el duro peso de toda la jerarqu\u00eda. Eso s\u00ed, como ver\u00e9is en el encabezamiento de otra noticia que da cuenta de la <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">contaminaci\u00f3n del lago Titicaca<\/SPAN><\/B>, parare que los <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">ind\u00edgenas andinos<\/SPAN><\/B> siguen padeciendo las consecuencias de la <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">contaminaci\u00f3n en sus fuentes lacustres de subsistencia<\/SPAN><\/B>, aunque esta ves sea a causada por <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">actividades mucho m\u00e1s recientes<\/SPAN><\/B>. <SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp;<\/SPAN><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt\">Juan Jos\u00e9 Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt\"><A href=\"http:\/\/www.terradaily.com\/terradaily.xml\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>First Evidence Of Pre-Industrial Mercury Pollution In The Andes<\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>by Staff Writers; <\/SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = \"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\" \/><st1:City><st1:place><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>Edmonton<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>, <\/SPAN><st1:country-region><st1:place><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>Canada<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB> (SPX) May 21, 2009<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>\u00ab<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: green\">We found that mercury mining, smelting and emissions go back as far as 1400 BC<\/SPAN><\/B>,\u00bb said Cooke. <\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt\">\u00abMore surprisingly<SPAN style=\"COLOR: green\">, <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\">mining appears to have began before the rise of any complex or highly stratified society<\/B>. <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\">This represents a departure from current thinking, which suggests mining only arose after these societies emerged<\/B><\/SPAN>,\u00bb said Cooke<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt\">The study of <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">ancient lake sediment from high altitude lakes in the Andes<\/SPAN><\/B> has revealed for the first time that <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">mercury pollution occurred long before<\/SPAN><\/B> the start of the Industrial Revolution. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>University of Alberta <\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>Earth and Atmospheric Sciences PhD student Colin Cooke&#8217;s results from two seasons of field work in<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\"> Peru have<\/SPAN><\/B> now provided the first <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">unambiguous records of pre-industrial mercury pollution from<\/SPAN><\/B> <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">anywhere in the world<\/SPAN><\/B> and will be published in the May 18th Early Edition of the <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)<\/SPAN><\/B>. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt\">\u00ab<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">The idea that mercury pollution was happening before the industrial revolution has long been hypothesised on the basis of historical records, but never proven<\/SPAN><\/B>,\u00bb said Cooke whose research was funded by the National Geographic Society. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>Cooke and his team recovered <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">sediment cores from high elevation lakes located around Huancavelica, which is the <\/SPAN><\/B><\/SPAN><st1:place><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>New World<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:place><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>&#8216;s largest mercury deposit<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>. <\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt\">By measuring the amount of mercury preserved in the cores back through time, they <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">were able to reconstruct the history of mercury mining and pollution in the region. <\/SPAN><\/B><\/SPAN><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>\u00abWe found that mercury mining, smelting and emissions go back as far as 1400 BC<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>,\u00bb said Cooke. <\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt\">\u00ab<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: green\">More surprisingly, mining appears to have began before the rise of any complex or highly stratified society<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"COLOR: green\">.<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"> This represents a departure from current thinking, which suggests mining only arose after these societies emerged<\/B><\/SPAN>,\u00bb said Cooke. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt\">Initially, <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">mercury pollution was in the form of <\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"COLOR: green\">mine dust<\/SPAN><\/B>, largely resulting from the<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\"> production of the red pigment vermillion. \u00abVermillion is buried with kings and nobles, and was a paint covering gold objects buried with Andean kings and nobles<\/SPAN><\/B>,\u00bb said Cooke. <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">However, <\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"COLOR: green\">following Inca<\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\"> control of the mine in 1450 AD,<\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"COLOR: green\"> mercury vapour began to be emitted<\/SPAN><\/B>. <\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>\u00abThis change is significant because it means that <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">mercury pollution could be transported over much greater distances, and could have been converted into methylmercury, which is highly toxic<\/SPAN><\/B>,\u00bb said Cooke. \u00abAll of these results confirm long-standing questions about the existence and magnitude pre-industrial mercury pollution, and have implications for our understanding of how mining and metallurgy evolved in the <\/SPAN><st1:place><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>Andes<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>,\u00bb said Cooke. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"COLOR: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><A href=\"http:\/\/www.terradaily.com\/reports\/Peru-Bolivia_route_blocked_over_Titicaca_pollution_999.html\"><\/A><A href=\"http:\/\/www.terradaily.com\/reports\/Peru-Bolivia_route_blocked_over_Titicaca_pollution_999.html\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB>Peru-Bolivia route blocked over Titicaca pollution<\/SPAN><\/A><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><st1:City><st1:place><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt\" lang=EN-GB>La Paz<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt\" lang=EN-GB> (AFP) <\/SPAN><st1:date Month=\"5\" Day=\"19\" Year=\"2009\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt\" lang=EN-GB>May 19, 2009<\/SPAN><\/st1:date><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt\" lang=EN-GB><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0pt\" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\" lang=EN-GB><BR><\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 8pt\">Protesters on Tuesday blocked a busy highway linking Peru and Bolivia for a second day over increased <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: green\">pollution in the Titicaca<\/SPAN><\/B>, the lake the two countries share, local media reported. Local residents are concerned over residues from illegal mining operations being dumped in the Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world, Radio Sariri reported. According to Radio Erbol, the levels &#8230; <A href=\"http:\/\/www.terradaily.com\/reports\/Peru-Bolivia_route_blocked_over_Titicaca_pollution_999.html\">read more<\/A><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Parece que desde que el hombre es hombre, o al menos desde los albores de las primeras civilizaciones, no tenemos piedad con la biosfera. Aunque siempre he admirado muchas pr\u00e1cticas ancestrales y la sabidur\u00eda del conocimiento campesino, tampoco defiendo la idea \u201cdel buen salvaje\u201d. &nbsp;El 21 de Noviembre de 2009 la Agencia de Noticias Cient\u00edficas Terradaily nos informaba (First Evidence Of Pre-Industrial Mercury Pollution In The Andes) de un tema de candente actualidad: la contaminaci\u00f3n de suelos y acu\u00edferos por mercurio. Ya hablamos n un post anterior acerca de tema semejante, por cuanto al menos 140millones de personas en el\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[594,599,592],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119548"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119548"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119548\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":134922,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119548\/revisions\/134922"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119548"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}