{"id":121686,"date":"2009-07-13T07:44:00","date_gmt":"2009-07-13T07:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/\/universo\/archive\/2009\/07\/13\/121686.aspx"},"modified":"2010-01-22T03:52:51","modified_gmt":"2010-01-22T02:52:51","slug":"las-arcillas-en-la-salud-y-el-arte-maya-el-caso-de-la-paligorskita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/2009\/07\/13\/121686","title":{"rendered":"Las Arcillas en la Salud y el Arte Maya: El Caso de la Paligorskita"},"content":{"rendered":"

Como dec\u00eda mi padre (que jam\u00e1s tuvo el placer de viajar a M\u00e9xico), no hay mejor pintura azul<\/font><\/a> que la que utilizaban los Mayas con la paligorskita<\/font><\/a>, \u00a1esas si que duran!, y resisten hasta tus trastadas  <\/span>\u00bf\u00bf??. Del mismo modo, y como ya veremos en otros post, a parte del uso que dieron las culturas precolombinas a los minerales con vistas a obtener tintes, tampoco era infrecuente que se utilizaran como medicamentos<\/span><\/b>. Ya he conseguido tres referencias que conciernen al consumo de las arcillas por parte de las mujeres embarazadas en antiguas culturas abor\u00edgenes de diversas partes del mundo<\/span><\/b>. De hecho, existen escritos en los que se menciona como algunas de ellas terminaban por hacerse adictas a su consumo \u00bf?<\/span><\/b>. Y parece ser cierto. Como ver\u00e9is en la noticia que hoy recuperamos de Sciencedaily<\/span><\/b>, los mayas<\/span><\/b> hac\u00edan un buen uso de la misma. Y mi padre ten\u00eda raz\u00f3n. De acuerdo a diversos estudios, su color resiste<\/span><\/b> hasta las maldades de los ni\u00f1os m\u00e1s traviesos \u00a1durante siglos!<\/span><\/b> Mientras tanto, nosotros pintado con otras artificiales, no biodegradables, contaminantes<\/span><\/b>, caras y de mala calidad. \u00a1As\u00ed nos va!, cuando uno no hace aprecio de la sabidur\u00eda de nuestros antepasados. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

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Cenote sagrado con Paligosrkita. Fuente: Zurcir<\/font><\/a><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

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Estructura de la paligosrkita. Pinchar aqu\u00ed.<\/o:p><\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/P>

Fuente: mindat.org<\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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Juan Jos\u00e9 Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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Origins Of Maya Blue In Mexico<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

ScienceDaily (<\/SPAN><\/B>Apr. 23, 2009<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:date>) <\/SPAN><\/B>\u2014 The ancient Maya civilisation used a rare type of clay called \u00abpalygorskite\u00bb to produce Maya blue<\/SPAN><\/B>. Combining structural, morphological and geochemical methods, Spanish researchers have defined the features of palygorskite clay on the <\/SPAN><\/B><\/SPAN>Yucatan<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:PlaceName> <\/SPAN><\/B>Peninsula<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:PlaceType><\/st1:place> in <\/SPAN><\/B>Mexico<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>. These findings will make it possible to ascertain the origin of the materials used to produce this pigment, which survives both time and chemical and environmental elements. <\/SPAN>Chichen Itza<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN>, <\/SPAN>Maya civilization<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN>, <\/SPAN>Indigenous peoples of the Americas<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN> <\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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A Spanish research team has traced the route followed by the Maya to obtain palygorskite clay, one of the basic ingredients of Maya Blue<\/SPAN><\/B>. \u00abOur main objective was<\/SPAN> to determine whether the Maya obtained this clay from one place in particular<\/SPAN><\/B>,\u00bb co-author of the study Manuel S\u00e1nchez del R\u00edo, a physicist at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in <\/SPAN>Grenoble<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City> (<\/SPAN>France<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>), told SINC. The team, including Mercedes Su\u00e1rez, from the Geology Department of the <\/SPAN>University<\/SPAN><\/st1:PlaceType> of <\/SPAN>Salamanca<\/SPAN><\/st1:PlaceName><\/st1:place> and Emilia Garc\u00eda Romero, from the Universidad Complutense in <\/SPAN>Madrid<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:State>, <\/SPAN>analysed various samples of palygorskite clay on the <\/SPAN><\/B>Yucatan<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:PlaceName> <\/SPAN><\/B>Peninsula<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:PlaceType><\/st1:place> to compare them to samples from other places<\/SPAN><\/B>. The results are available in the latest edition of Archaeometry. <\/SPAN>Palygorskite clay has been used in <\/SPAN><\/B>Mesoamerica<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:place> since ancient times<\/SPAN><\/B>. Numerous data suggest the Maya were aware of its properties and, what is more, this <\/SPAN>clay was closely related to socio-cultural aspects of the Mayan culture<\/SPAN><\/B>.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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\u00ab<\/SPAN>Present day native communities on the Yucatan Peninsula are familiar with and use palygorskite clay for a variety of purposes, ranging from<\/SPAN><\/B> making candles on All Saints’ Day and household and artistic pottery to <\/SPAN>remedies for mumps, stomach and pregnancy pains and dysentery<\/SPAN><\/B>,\u00bb S\u00e1nchez del R\u00edo explained to SINC. <\/SPAN>Nowadays, modern pharmacology uses clays like palygorskite to produce anti-diarrhoea medicine, a remedy the Maya began to use more than a thousand years ago. However, palygorskite was mostly used to make the Maya blue pigment<\/SPAN><\/B>, which is produced by mixing indigo, an organic dye obtained from the plant of the same name, with a base of palygorskite clay. The resulting compound is <\/SPAN>extraordinarily resistant to chemical and environmental elements<\/SPAN><\/B>.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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Archaeological sites<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

The researchers found samples of high-purity palygorskite clay in several locations on the <\/SPAN><\/B>Yucatan<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:PlaceName> <\/SPAN><\/B>Peninsula<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:PlaceType><\/st1:place>, in a 40 km radius of the well-known Maya archaeological site of <\/SPAN><\/B>Uxmal<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:place><\/st1:City>. Some of these locations are well documented, but others have been discovered for the first time during this expedition. The fact that this clay was abundant among the samples collected<\/SPAN> confirms that the mineral is common on the peninsula<\/SPAN><\/B>.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>

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Crystal-chemical analysis then enabled researchers<\/SPAN> to obtain the formula for the composition of Mayan palygorskite clay<\/SPAN><\/B>: (Si7.96Al0.07)O20 (Al1.59Fe3+0.20Mg2.25) (OH)2  <\/SPAN>OH2)4Ca0.02Na0.02K0.04 4(H20). These results will be useful for s<\/SPAN>tudying archaeological remains with Maya blue and to determine whether the palygorskite clay used in the pigment <\/SPAN><\/B>was taken from <\/SPAN>Uxmal<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City> or the surrounding area. <\/SPAN>Maya Blue was invented between the 6th and the 8th Century and can be found in<\/SPAN><\/B> sculptures, fresco paintings, codices and<\/SPAN> pre-Columbian decorations across <\/SPAN><\/B>Mesoamerica<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:place>, from the <\/SPAN><\/B>Gulf of Mexico<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:place> to the <\/SPAN><\/B>Pacific Ocean<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:place>. It was used during the colonial period to paint frescos in churches and convents. M<\/SPAN>aya blue was rediscovered in 1931 and scientists were baffled by the stability and persistence of this colour found on objects dating back to pre-Columbian times<\/SPAN><\/B>. This thousand-year-old pigment, which<\/SPAN> has proven immune to the passage of time, erosion, biodegradation and modern solvents, is considered the forerunner of modern hybrid materials, compounds of organic and inorganic design with interesting properties for use in high technology<\/SPAN><\/B>.<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Como dec\u00eda mi padre (que jam\u00e1s tuvo el placer de viajar a M\u00e9xico), no hay mejor pintura azul que la que utilizaban los Mayas con la paligorskita, \u00a1esas si que duran!, y resisten hasta tus trastadas  \u00bf\u00bf??. Del mismo modo, y como ya veremos en otros post, a parte del uso que dieron las culturas precolombinas a los minerales con vistas a obtener tintes, tampoco era infrecuente que se utilizaran como medicamentos. Ya he conseguido tres referencias que conciernen al consumo de las arcillas por parte de las mujeres embarazadas en antiguas culturas abor\u00edgenes de diversas partes del mundo. De\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[599,592,615],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121686"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=121686"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121686\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":134949,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121686\/revisions\/134949"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=121686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=121686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=121686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}