{"id":124919,"date":"2009-09-16T09:56:00","date_gmt":"2009-09-16T09:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/\/universo\/archive\/2009\/09\/16\/124919.aspx"},"modified":"2010-01-22T03:53:46","modified_gmt":"2010-01-22T02:53:46","slug":"fertilizacion-de-los-suelos-cultivados-y-biodiversidad-de-los-bosque-la-importancia-de-la-ecologia-del-paisaje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/2009\/09\/16\/124919","title":{"rendered":"Fertilizaci\u00f3n de los Suelos Cultivados y Biodiversidad de los Bosque. La Importancia de la Ecolog\u00eda del Paisaje"},"content":{"rendered":"<link rel=\"File-List\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CJuanjo%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml\">\n<style> <!--  \/* Font Definitions *\/  @font-face \t{font-family:\"Comic Sans MS\"; \tpanose-1:3 15 7 2 3 3 2 2 2 4; \tmso-font-charset:0; \tmso-generic-font-family:script; \tmso-font-pitch:variable; \tmso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;} @font-face \t{font-family:\"Bookman Old Style\"; \tpanose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4; \tmso-font-charset:0; \tmso-generic-font-family:roman; \tmso-font-pitch:variable; \tmso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}  \/* Style Definitions *\/  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal \t{mso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmargin:0pt; \tmargin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:12.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink \t{color:#000099; \tmso-text-animation:none; \ttext-decoration:none; \ttext-underline:none; \ttext-decoration:none; \ttext-line-through:none;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed \t{color:purple; \ttext-decoration:underline; \ttext-underline:single;} @page Section1 \t{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; \tmargin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; \tmso-header-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-footer-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 \t{page:Section1;} --> <\/style>\n<p><!--  \/* Style Definitions *\/  table.MsoNormalTable \t{mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\"; \tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \tmso-style-noshow:yes; \tmso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmso-padding-alt:0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; \tmso-para-margin:0pt; \tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:10.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";} -->  <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Bookman Old Style&quot;;\">Un estudio muy minucioso sobre la biodiversidad de los bosques de Gran Breta\u00f1a muestra cambios preocupantes en su composici\u00f3n flor\u00edstica que han dado lugar a que se acu\u00f1e un nuevo \u201cpalabro\u201d: \u00a1Homogeneizaci\u00f3n Bi\u00f3tica!. \u00bfCausas?: El incremento en el contenido de nutrientes de los suelos forestales debida a la fertilizaci\u00f3n de los campos de cultivo colindantes, as\u00ed<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>el aumento de la sombra de la canopia por la p\u00e9rdida de las pr\u00e1cticas de gesti\u00f3n tradicional a la que fueron sometidos estos ecosistemas en el pasado. No hablamos de una p\u00e9rdida de biodiversidad del n\u00famero de especies de cada localidad, sino que van perdiendo sus idiosincrasias, pareci\u00e9ndose m\u00e1s entre s\u00ed que hace 70 a\u00f1os. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Bookman Old Style&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Bookman Old Style&quot;; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\">Y ahora la lamentable, una vez m\u00e1s, la fastidiosa \u201ccoletilla final\u201d. Ya sab\u00e9is que \u00faltimamente a este sistema de bit\u00e1coras, por aquello de los calores, parece ser que se niega a enlazar los post que escribimos, pero no ocurre lo mismo con cualquier otro material que circule por el ciberespacio. Si cuando lee este estamos en tal trance, debe copiar el t\u00edtulo de nuestros post previos y a\u00f1adirlo a su buscador favorito. R\u00e1pidamente encontrar\u00e1 el post, al teclear tambi\u00e9n \u201cUniverso Invisible\u201d. Este tema ya comienza a parecer de ciencia ficci\u00f3n, por pensar bien.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Bookman Old Style&quot;;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/blogs\/universo\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/42\/files\/164\/o_autumn-forest.jpg\" height=\"325\" width=\"444\"><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wallpaperstock.net\/autumn-forest-wallpapers_w4226.html\">Bosque caducifolio oto\u00f1al. Fuente: Wallpaperstock<\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>  <!--more--><link rel=\"File-List\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CJuanjo%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml\"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\" name=\"City\"><\/o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\" name=\"PlaceType\"><\/o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\" name=\"date\"><\/o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\" name=\"PlaceName\"><\/o:smarttagtype><!--[if !mso]><object  classid=\"clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D\" id=ieooui><\/object> \n\n<style> st1\\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } --><\/p>\n<style> <!--  \/* Font Definitions *\/  @font-face \t{font-family:\"Comic Sans MS\"; \tpanose-1:3 15 7 2 3 3 2 2 2 4; \tmso-font-charset:0; \tmso-generic-font-family:script; \tmso-font-pitch:variable; \tmso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}  \/* Style Definitions *\/  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal \t{mso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmargin:0pt; \tmargin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:12.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink \t{color:#000099; \tmso-text-animation:none; \ttext-decoration:none; \ttext-underline:none; \ttext-decoration:none; \ttext-line-through:none;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed \t{color:purple; \ttext-decoration:underline; \ttext-underline:single;} @page Section1 \t{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; \tmargin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; \tmso-header-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-footer-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 \t{page:Section1;} --> <\/style>\n<p><!--  \/* Style Definitions *\/  table.MsoNormalTable \t{mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\"; \tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \tmso-style-noshow:yes; \tmso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmso-padding-alt:0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; \tmso-para-margin:0pt; \tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:10.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";} -->  <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;; color: green;\">Homogeneizaci\u00f3n bi\u00f3tica<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\">. <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">Un \u201cnuevo palabro<\/span><\/b> para engrosar la casi infinita capacidad de los cient\u00edficos a la hora de acu\u00f1ar vocablos solapantes que no aportan mucho (confusi\u00f3n ante todo), por no decir nada. Sin embargo, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">el estudio en s\u00ed resulta de gran inter\u00e9s<\/span><\/b>. Los autores <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">compararan la composici\u00f3n flor\u00edstica actual de numerosas localidades con la que atesoraban hace 70 a\u00f1os, <\/span><\/b>seg\u00fan inventarios realizados por aquellas fechas en los mismos sitios. <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">No detectaron p\u00e9rdida de biodiversidad, entendida por el n\u00famero total de especies, sino que, con el tiempo, los ecosistemas se parecen m\u00e1s entre si<\/span><\/b>. Es decir <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">comparten m\u00e1s taxa comunes<\/span><\/b>. Tal hecho conlleva una <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">p\u00e9rdida en la singularidad de cada masa forestal<\/span><\/b>. Dicho en t\u00e9rminos matem\u00e1ticos, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">la matriz de distancias que determina lo idiosincr\u00e1sico de cada \u00e1rea muestreada resulta ser cada vez menor<\/span><\/b>. \u00a1Se est\u00e1n globalizando!.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/blogs\/universo\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/42\/files\/164\/o_Hueco%20forestal.jpg\" height=\"440\" width=\"436\"><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.newforest.tv\/landscape.php\">Huecos forestales. Fuente: The Newforest.com<\/a><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\">Los investigadores implicados detectaron que <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">las especies invasivas no eran responsables<\/span><\/b> de este problema. Por el contrario, s\u00ed notaron que <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">los suelos forestales eran m\u00e1s ricos en nutrientes, a la par que su superficie era m\u00e1s sombr\u00eda que hace 70 a\u00f1os<\/span><\/b> (canopia m\u00e1s espesa). Con vistas a explicar tales hechos <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">apuntan a una \u201ccontaminaci\u00f3n\u201d del suelo resultante de la fertilizaci\u00f3n de las \u00e1reas agropastorales vecinas y a la falta de extracci\u00f3n de le\u00f1a y \u00e1rboles<\/span><\/b>. La \u00faltima induce la <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">disminuci\u00f3n de la heterogeneidad<\/span><\/b> de los bosques semi-gestionados, al <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">aumentar su \u00e1rea foliar y disminuir los huecos forestales<\/span><\/b> naturales, por la ca\u00edda de \u00e1rboles<span style=\"\">&nbsp; <\/span>muertos y\/o talados. Ya os hemos comentado <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">la importancia de estos claros en los bosques<\/span><\/b> (en suahili \u201c<i style=\"\">forest gaps<\/i>\u201d, para los que dese\u00e9is buscar m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre el tema), que emular\u00edan a los de los bosques primigenios (aunque en este caso no lo sean), como hemos reiterado en varios post incluidos en la categor\u00eda<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"> \u201c<a href=\"..\/universo\/category\/299.aspx?Show=All\">Carpeta sobre Paisajes de Suelos y los Suelos en el Paisaje<\/a>\u201d. De hecho, aunque en el estudio que hoy analizamos no se haga menci\u00f3n, la <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">perdida de tales \u201c<i style=\"\">gaps<\/i>\u201d induce la homogeneizaci\u00f3n de los horizontes de los suelos forestales y como corolario una perdida concomitante de su edafodiversidad,<\/span><\/b> tema del que hemos hablado en varios post que se albergan en la ya mencionada categor\u00eda. De ah\u00ed se desprende <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">la importancia de la acci\u00f3n humana en el mantenimiento de paisajes antropizados<\/span><\/b>. Reiteramos que en los pa\u00edses de la Uni\u00f3n Europea no puede hablarse de ecosistemas forales pr\u00edstinos, por cuanto no los hay. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/blogs\/universo\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/42\/files\/164\/o_Forest%20gap.jpg\" height=\"315\" width=\"441\"><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p><br \/><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.newforest.tv\/landscape.php\">Huecos forestales. Fuente: The Newforest.com<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\">Para el caso del <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">incremento de la fertilidad de los suelos forestales<\/span><\/b>, la raz\u00f3n que ofrecen los investigadores devienen un tanto ramplona.<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\"> No dudamos de que los fertilizantes a\u00f1adidos a las zonas de cultivo perif\u00e9ricas, enriquezcan el suelo de los bosques en nutrientes y homogeneicen sus propiedades especiales<\/span><\/b>. El arrastre de los agroqu\u00edmicos por el viento, o por la circulaci\u00f3n del agua (a\u00e9rea o sub-a\u00e9rea) que en ciertos casos debe contemplarse son razones l\u00f3gicas. Sin embargo, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">soslayan el gran efecto que en regiones industrializadas tienen las deposiciones atmosf\u00e9ricas<\/span><\/b>, en el sentido m\u00e1s amplio del t\u00e9rmino. No entraremos aqu\u00ed a abundar sobre este \u00faltimo fen\u00f3meno. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\">Como acertadamente se\u00f1alan los firmantes de esta investigaci\u00f3n, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">debe entenderse de una vez que los ecosistemas viven en un espacio compartiendo fronteras con los agroecosistemas, pastos, etc. Cualquier gesti\u00f3n de una de sus unidades puede y suele afectar al conjunto, es decir a varias de las restantes que lo comparten. De aqu\u00ed la importancia de la ecolog\u00eda del paisaje y de una adecuada ordenaci\u00f3n paisaj\u00edstica<\/span><\/b>. Cuando se altera a un elemento de un determinado espacio geogr\u00e1fico, tambi\u00e9n sufren las consecuencias los que cohabitan en \u00e9l, por sutiles que sean (imperceptibles en estudios de breve duraci\u00f3n, como suele ser lo usual). Por tanto, suelen pasar desapercibidos. No ha sido el caso en esta ocasi\u00f3n, debido a que <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">los anglosajones hacen sus mejor que nosotros sus deberes, atesorando inventarios adecuados que permiten su monitorizaci\u00f3n mediante muestreos temporalmente secuenciados, o en su defecto echando mano de antiguos archivos que dejan constancia de los primeros<\/span><\/b>. En pa\u00edses como Espa\u00f1a, por desgracia, este tipo de investigaciones es pr\u00e1cticamente imposible. El estudio se me antoja muy interesante, debido a que <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">constata las a veces sutiles pero capitales relaciones entre los elementos de la biosfera y geosfera en un espacio geogr\u00e1fico<\/span><\/b>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;; color: rgb(204, 0, 0);\">Juan Jos\u00e9 Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez <span style=\"\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2009\/07\/090722083727.htm\"><span style=\"\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Woodlands Suffer Large-scale Biodiversity Loss<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: teal;\">ScienceDaily (Aug. 11, 2009)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\"> \u2014 New research shows that <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: green;\">21st century British woodlands are less distinctive than those of the early 20th century due to environmental change. Native woodland plants have re-organised over the last 70 years in response to increased soil fertility and loss of light related to increased canopy shading<\/span><\/b>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">The research was carried out by a team from <\/span><st1:city><st1:placename><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Bournemouth<\/span><\/st1:placename><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><st1:placetype><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">University<\/span><\/st1:placetype><\/st1:city><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">, Natural England and the Centre for Ecology &amp; Hydrology and will be published online in Proceedings of the Royal Society B (FirstCite website) on <\/span><st1:date month=\"7\" day=\"22\" year=\"2009\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">22nd July 2009<\/span><\/st1:date><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Lead author, Sally Keith of <\/span><st1:city><st1:placename><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Bournemouth<\/span><\/st1:placename><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><st1:placetype><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">University<\/span><\/st1:placetype><\/st1:city><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">, said: <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">\u201cWe have identified the loss of unique communities within British woodlands<\/span><\/b> through a comprehensive large-scale study of woodland plants. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\">The results show that<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 153, 102);\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: green;\">we must monitor biodiversity at the landscape scale<\/span><\/b>, as well as gain a better understanding of processes affecting our native flora, if we are to conserve and restore the character of the traditional British woodland.\u201d<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">The researchers investigated changes in the flora of&nbsp;British woodlands&nbsp;over seven decades with the study providing evidence of a new kind of biodiversity loss, namely a loss of the unique character of individual woods which had developed over centuries in response to local conditions<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">They found that the<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\"> woodlands are more similar to each other now, when compared with 70 years ago<\/span><\/b>, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">even though the number of plant species in each woodland had not fallen<\/span><\/b>. Co-author Professor James Bullock from the Centre for Ecology &amp; Hydrology said: \u201cThis study shows that <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">increased pollution and poor countryside management has led to increasing homogenization of biodiversity<\/span><\/b> in British woodlands. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\">These two issues must be addressed in future if we wish to restore the diverse woodland communities of the past.\u201d<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\">The study relied on a <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">comparison between new field results and a historic dataset recorded over 70 years ago<\/span><\/b>. In the 1930s, Professor Ronald Good cycled around Dorset and <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">recorded the presence of plants at over 7,000 sites<\/span><\/b>. The Dorset Environmental Records Centre (DERC) provided the research team with access to the historical data, and the scientists re-surveyed a subset of Professor Good\u2019s woodland sites, visiting 86 woodlands across Dorset from late spring to early summer in 2008, recording the presence of plants as they are now. <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">They then compared the plant records from the 1930s and the 21st century to see if and how the woodlands had changed<\/span><\/b>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">The results indicated that, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">whilst the average number of plant species within each woodland remained the same, the difference between woodlands was significantly reduced<\/span><\/b>. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\">The researchers concluded that the <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: green;\">woodlands that exist now are only a subset of the variety that could be seen in the 1930s<\/span><\/b>. This process of increased similarity between ecological communities (groups of species in one site) is called \u2018<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: green;\">biotic homogenization<\/span><\/b>.\u2019<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Biotic homogenization has major implications for biodiversity conservation as it is related to the loss of unique species combinations leaving an impoverished version of the past variety of nature<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\">Other documented observations of homogenization have been caused by the introduction of non-native species; however this study concluded that the<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 153, 102);\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: green;\">impact of non-natives was negligible<\/span><\/b>. The results demonstrate that <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">homogenization can occur simply through a re-organisation of native species<\/span><\/b>, potentially suggesting the phenomenon may be more widespread than previously imagined.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">The characteristics of the 2008 plant communities indicated that the soil was more fertile than in the 1930\u2019s &#8211; a side-effect of the use of fertilisers in agriculture and its effect on the surrounding woodland. The composition of the plant communities also indicated that there was now less light available in the woods than in the past<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\">. This light loss is probably associated with the<span style=\"color: green;\"> <b style=\"\">decline in traditional practices such as coppicing<\/b><\/span><b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 153, 102);\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: green;\"> which creates openings in the woodland as trees are harvested<\/span><\/b>, leading to decreased woodland management.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\">Journal reference:<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\">Keith, S.A., Newton, A.C., Morecroft, M.D., Bealey, C.E. and Bullock, J.M. Taxonomic homogenization of woodland plant communities over 70 years. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, DOI: <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2009.0938\" target=\"_blank\">10.1098\/rspb.2009.0938<\/a> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Adapted from materials provided by <\/span><\/em><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bournemouth.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0pt;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Bournemouth University<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/em><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">, via <\/span><\/em><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.alphagalileo.org\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"\" lang=\"EN-GB\">AlphaGalileo<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un estudio muy minucioso sobre la biodiversidad de los bosques de Gran Breta\u00f1a muestra cambios preocupantes en su composici\u00f3n flor\u00edstica que han dado lugar a que se acu\u00f1e un nuevo \u201cpalabro\u201d: \u00a1Homogeneizaci\u00f3n Bi\u00f3tica!. \u00bfCausas?: El incremento en el contenido de nutrientes de los suelos forestales debida a la fertilizaci\u00f3n de los campos de cultivo colindantes, as\u00ed&nbsp; el aumento de la sombra de la canopia por la p\u00e9rdida de las pr\u00e1cticas de gesti\u00f3n tradicional a la que fueron sometidos estos ecosistemas en el pasado. No hablamos de una p\u00e9rdida de biodiversidad del n\u00famero de especies de cada localidad, sino que van\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[594,586,618,613,600],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124919"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=124919"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124919\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":134994,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124919\/revisions\/134994"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=124919"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=124919"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=124919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}