{"id":124971,"date":"2009-09-17T08:58:00","date_gmt":"2009-09-17T08:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/\/universo\/archive\/2009\/09\/17\/124971.aspx"},"modified":"2010-01-22T03:53:47","modified_gmt":"2010-01-22T02:53:47","slug":"cinetica-de-las-reacciones-del-suelo-una-tecnica-revolucionaria-para-su-estudio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/2009\/09\/17\/124971","title":{"rendered":"Cin\u00e9tica de las Reacciones del Suelo: Una T\u00e9cnica Revolucionaria para su Estudio"},"content":{"rendered":"<link rel=\"File-List\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CJuanjo%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml\">\n<style> <!--  \/* Font Definitions *\/  @font-face \t{font-family:\"Comic Sans MS\"; \tpanose-1:3 15 7 2 3 3 2 2 2 4; \tmso-font-charset:0; \tmso-generic-font-family:script; \tmso-font-pitch:variable; \tmso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}  \/* Style Definitions *\/  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal \t{mso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmargin:0pt; \tmargin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:12.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink \t{\ttext-decoration:underline; \ttext-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed \t{color:purple; \ttext-decoration:underline; \ttext-underline:single;} @page Section1 \t{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; \tmargin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; \tmso-header-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-footer-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 \t{page:Section1;} --> <\/style>\n<p><!--  \/* Style Definitions *\/  table.MsoNormalTable \t{mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\"; \tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \tmso-style-noshow:yes; \tmso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmso-padding-alt:0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; \tmso-para-margin:0pt; \tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:10.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";} -->  <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\">Como edaf\u00f3logo, cuando busco noticias para redactar post, me encuentro con la necesidad de leer muchas, por cuanto a menudo el vocablo suelo no aparece en sus titulares. Con el tiempo, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">al ir viendo las novedades instrumentales que aparecen en otros \u00e1mbitos del saber, termine pasando de tener una sana envidia a padecer una gran frustraci\u00f3n<\/span><\/b>. <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">Cuando se invierte poco en el estudio de un recurso natural, resulta raro que las nuevas tecnolog\u00edas lleguen con rapidez a una disciplina, y m\u00e1s aun que se implementen en el seno de la comunidad implicada<\/span><\/b>. Se trata de un tema el que deberemos hablar en su momento. Sin embargo, ayer (por hoy) me llegaron <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">dos \u201cverdaderos bombazos\u201d<\/span><\/b> que <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">pueden cambiar el rumbo de <\/span><\/b>las l\u00edneas de investigaci\u00f3n a las que afectan, de ser ciertas. Comenzaremos hablando de la que concierne a la <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">cin\u00e9tica de las reacciones qu\u00edmicas que ocurren en la interfase suelo-agua<\/span><\/b>. A partir de ahora, parece que existe la posibilidad de<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\"> analizarlas en tiempo real<\/span><\/b>. \u00bfC\u00f3mo? Si, no exagero. Un nuevo instrumental basado en la <a href=\"http:\/\/rmf.fciencias.unam.mx\/pdf\/rmf-s\/44\/3\/44_3_107.pdf\">Espectroscopia de absorci\u00f3n por Rayos X<\/a> <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">(Q-XAS)<\/span><\/b>, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">permite estimar las reacciones que se producen en las soluciones del suelo en milisegundos<\/span><\/b>. Su aplicaci\u00f3n en <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">ciencia b\u00e1sica<\/span><\/b>, as\u00ed como en el estudio de los <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">procesos de contaminaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/b>, alcanzar\u00e1 seguramente enormes repercusiones, de ser corroborado todo lo que argumentan los investigadores implicados. <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/blogs\/universo\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/42\/files\/804\/o_Sparks%20Ginde-Voge.jpg\" height=\"293\" width=\"442\"><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.udel.edu\/udaily\/2010\/sep\/xray091109.html\">Foto de los autores. Fuente: Universidad de Delaware<\/a><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>  <!--more--><link rel=\"File-List\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CJuanjo%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml\"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\" name=\"country-region\"><\/o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\" name=\"PlaceType\"><\/o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\" name=\"PlaceName\"><\/o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\" name=\"State\"><\/o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\" name=\"date\"><\/o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\" name=\"City\"><\/o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\" name=\"place\"><\/o:smarttagtype><!--[if !mso]><object  classid=\"clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D\" id=ieooui><\/object> \n\n<style> st1\\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } --><\/p>\n<style> <!--  \/* Font Definitions *\/  @font-face \t{font-family:\"Comic Sans MS\"; \tpanose-1:3 15 7 2 3 3 2 2 2 4; \tmso-font-charset:0; \tmso-generic-font-family:script; \tmso-font-pitch:variable; \tmso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;} @font-face \t{font-family:\"Arial Narrow\"; \tpanose-1:2 11 5 6 2 2 2 3 2 4; \tmso-font-charset:0; \tmso-generic-font-family:swiss; \tmso-font-pitch:variable; \tmso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}  \/* Style Definitions *\/  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal \t{mso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmargin:0pt; \tmargin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:12.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink \t{\ttext-decoration:underline; \ttext-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed \t{color:purple; \ttext-decoration:underline; \ttext-underline:single;} @page Section1 \t{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; \tmargin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; \tmso-header-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-footer-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 \t{page:Section1;} --> <\/style>\n<p><!--  \/* Style Definitions *\/  table.MsoNormalTable \t{mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\"; \tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \tmso-style-noshow:yes; \tmso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmso-padding-alt:0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; \tmso-para-margin:0pt; \tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:10.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";} -->  <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\">Hoy, no voy a explicaros el texto, por cuanto es lo suficientemente t\u00e9cnico como para que todos los posibles interesados tengan sobrado conocimiento del <i style=\"\">Suahili<\/i> para traducirlo, sin la menor dificultad. <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">Entender lo que ocurre al instante a nivel molecular lo dice ya casi todo<\/span><\/b>. El estudio fue llevado a cabo por el equipo de <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">Donald Sparks de la Universidad de Delaware<\/span><\/b>. La nota de prensa hace mucha publicidad de la misma, se\u00f1alando que es una de las instituciones m\u00e1s prestigiosas de EE.UU en los temas que conciernen a la ciencia del suelo. Tal aserci\u00f3n se me antoja un tanto prepotente. Pero no hablaremos de este tipo de exclamaciones, ya que no merecen la pena. Cierto es, sin embargo, que <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">ha sido la encargada de comandar una iniciativa que puede cambiar el futuro de la edafolog\u00eda<\/span><\/b>, como ya os hemos informado en diversos post incluidos en nuestra categor\u00eda sobre la \u201c<a href=\"..\/universo\/category\/809.aspx?Show=All\">Zona Cr\u00edtica Terrestre y el Futuro de la Edafolog\u00eda<\/a>\u201d, siendo el propio Donald (que ya estaba fotografiado en nuestra \u201cgaler\u00eda de fotos\u201d que versa sobre el tema) uno de los principales protagonistas. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<link rel=\"File-List\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CJuanjo%5CCONFIG%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml\">\n<style> <!--  \/* Font Definitions *\/  @font-face \t{font-family:\"Comic Sans MS\"; \tpanose-1:3 15 7 2 3 3 2 2 2 4; \tmso-font-charset:0; \tmso-generic-font-family:script; \tmso-font-pitch:variable; \tmso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;}  \/* Style Definitions *\/  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal \t{mso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmargin:0pt; \tmargin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:12.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink \t{\ttext-decoration:underline; \ttext-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed \t{color:purple; \ttext-decoration:underline; \ttext-underline:single;} @page Section1 \t{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; \tmargin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; \tmso-header-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-footer-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 \t{page:Section1;} --> <\/style>\n<p><!--  \/* Style Definitions *\/  table.MsoNormalTable \t{mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\"; \tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \tmso-style-noshow:yes; \tmso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmso-padding-alt:0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; \tmso-para-margin:0pt; \tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:10.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\";} -->  <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\">Los autores exponen el ejemplo de la <a href=\"..\/universo\/archive\/2009\/06\/02\/119362.aspx\">contaminaci\u00f3n de las aguas subterr\u00e1neas por ars\u00e9nico<\/a>, generada por los propios microorganismos del suelo. <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">Muy buen ejemplo<\/span><\/b>, por cuanto afecta a la salud p\u00fablica (morbilidad y mortalidad) de cientos de millones de personas. No soy experto en el tema, pero espero que, de alguna forma u otra, tal instrumental pueda ser utilizado por los investigadores todo el mundo implicados en este tipo de indagaciones. Tan solo cabe pues felicitar a Donald y su equipo de la Universidad de Delaware, con la esperanza que sus esfuerzos por ampliar las fronteras de la edafolog\u00eda, mediante el an\u00e1lisis de la Zona Cr\u00edtica Terrestre lleguen a buen puerto. <\/span><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;; color: green;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Congratulations<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\">\u2026\u2026.. <span style=\"\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;; color: green;\">PD<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\">. Mi \u00fanica duda concierne a la total veracidad de la noticia o si esta \u00faltima contiene alg\u00fan tipo de propaganda. Lamentablemente, en el mundo de la ciencia el marketing ya lo invade todo. Anoche cen\u00e9 con dos colegas que saben bastante del instrumental empleado con la qu\u00edmica de suelos. Cuando les coment\u00e9 la noticia, tal como aparece en la nota de prensa, se mostraron un poco esc\u00e9pticos. Tan solo intento dejar constancia de que hay que ser prudentes, y no creerse uno todo lo que se lee ciegamente. Ojal\u00e1 sea verdad, pero habr\u00e1 que esperar a tener informaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s objetiva y fidedigna v\u00eda art\u00edculos cient\u00edficos. <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;; color: rgb(204, 0, 0);\">Juan Jos\u00e9 Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Comic Sans MS&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.terradaily.com\/reports\/New_Xray_Technique_Illuminates_Reactivity_Of_Environmental_Contaminants_999.html\"><span style=\"\" lang=\"EN-GB\">New X-ray Technique Illuminates Reactivity Of Environmental Contaminants<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\">by Tracey Bryant; <\/span><\/b><st1:place><st1:city><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Newark<\/span><\/b><\/st1:city><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><\/b><st1:state><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\">DE<\/span><\/b><\/st1:state><\/st1:place><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> (SPX) <\/span><\/b><st1:date month=\"9\" day=\"16\" year=\"2009\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Sep 16, 2009<\/span><\/b><\/st1:date><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/> <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">A chemical reaction can occur in the blink of an eye<\/span><\/b>. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\">Thanks to a <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">new analytical method employed by researchers at the University of Delaware<\/span><\/b>,<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\"> scientists can now pinpoint, at the millisecond level, what happens as harmful environmental contaminants such as arsenic begin to react with soil and water under various conditions<\/span><\/b>. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Quantifying the initial rates of such reactions is <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">essential for modeling how contaminants are transported <\/span><\/b>in the environment and predicting risks. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">The research method, which <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">uses an analytical technique known as quick-scanning X-ray absorption spectroscopy (Q-XAS)<\/span><\/b>, was developed by a research team led by <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">Donald Sparks<\/span><\/b>, S. Hallock du Pont Chair of Plant and Soil Sciences and director of the <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">Delaware Environmental Institute <\/span><\/b>at UD. Postdoctoral researcher Matthew Ginder-Vogel is the first author of the study, which also involved Ph.D. student Gautier Landrot and Jason Fischel, an undergraduate student at <\/span><st1:place><st1:placename><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Juniata<\/span><\/st1:placename><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><st1:placetype><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">College<\/span><\/st1:placetype><\/st1:place><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> who has interned in <\/span><st1:city><st1:place><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Sparks<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:city><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">&#8216;s lab during the past three summers. <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">The research method was developed using beamline X18B at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory in <\/span><\/b><\/span><st1:place><st1:city><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Upton<\/span><\/b><\/st1:city><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\">, <\/span><\/b><st1:state><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\">N.Y<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">.<\/span><\/st1:state><\/st1:place><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> The facility is operated by the U.S. Department of Energy. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: green;\">This method is a significant advance in elucidating mechanisms of important geochemical processes, and is the first application, at millisecond time scales, to determine in real-time, the molecular scale reactions at the mineral\/water interface<\/span><\/b>. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\">It has<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\"> tremendous applications to many important environmental processes including<\/span><\/b> sorption, redox, and precipitation,\u00bb Sparks said. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00abMy group and I have been <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">conducting kinetics studies on soils and soil minerals<\/span><\/b> for 30 years,\u00bb <\/span><st1:city><st1:place><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Sparks<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:city><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> added. \u00abSince the beginning I have been hopeful that someday we could follow extremely rapid reaction processes and simultaneously collect mechanistic information.\u00bb <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">X-ray spectroscopy <\/span><\/b>was invented years ago to illuminate structures and materials at the atomic level. <\/span><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">The technique has been commonly used by physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers, but only recently by environmental scientists<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\">. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: green;\">In studying soil kinetics, we want to know how fast a contaminant begins to stick to a mineral<\/span><\/b>,\u00bb Ginder-Vogel says. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\">\u00abIn general, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: green;\">these reactions are very rapid &#8211; 90 percent of the reaction is over in the first 10 seconds<\/span><\/b>. Now we can measure the first few seconds of these reactions that couldn&#8217;t be measured before. We can now look at things as they happen versus attempting to freeze time after the fact,\u00bb he notes. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\">For their study, the UD researchers made <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">millisecond measurements of the oxidation rate of arsenic by hydrous manganese oxide, which is a mineral that absorbs heavy metals and nutrients. <\/span><\/b><\/span><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Contamination of drinking water supplies by arsenic is a serious health<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> concern in the <\/span><st1:country-region><st1:place><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">United   States<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> and abroad. <\/span><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">The poisonous element occurs naturally in rocks and minerals and is also used in a wide range of products, from<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\"> wood preservatives and insecticides, to poultry feed. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\">The toxicity and availability of arsenic to living organisms depends on its oxidation state <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">&#8211; in other words, the number of electrons lost or gained by an atom when it reacts with minerals and microbes. <\/span><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">For example<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\">, arsenite [As(III)] is more mobile and toxic than its oxidized counterpart, arsenate [As(V)]. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00ab<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">Our technique is important for looking at groundwater flowing through minerals,<\/span><\/b>\u00bb Ginder-Vogel notes. \u00abWe look at it as a very early tool that can be <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">incorporated into predictive modeling for the environment.<\/span><\/b>\u00bb A native of <\/span><st1:state><st1:place><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Minnesota<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:state><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">, Ginder-Vogel started out as a chemist in college, but says he wanted to do something more applied. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\">As he was completing his doctorate at Stanford University under Prof. Scott Fendorf, a UD alumnus who studied under Sparks, Ginder-Vogel saw the advertisement for a postdoctoral position in Sparks&#8217;s lab and jumped at the opportunity. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">\u00abT<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">he <\/span><\/b><\/span><st1:place><st1:placetype><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\">University<\/span><\/b><\/st1:placetype><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> of <\/span><\/b><st1:placename><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Delaware<\/span><\/b><\/st1:placename><\/st1:place><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> has the reputation as one of the best research institutions in the country for soil science, and Don Sparks is a leader in the field<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">,\u00bb Ginder-Vogel notes. Ginder-Vogel says one of the coolest things about the<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\"> current research is its interdisciplinary nature. \u00abWhat&#8217;s novel about soil chemistry is that we can take bits of pieces from different fields <\/span><\/b>&#8211; civil and environmental engineering, materials science, chemistry, and biochemistry &#8211; and apply it in unique ways,\u00bb he says. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\">\u00ab<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">It&#8217;s fun to contribute to a new research method in our field<\/span><\/b>.\u00bb <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\" lang=\"EN-GB\">The research was funded by<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and by two grants from the National Science Foundation, including one from the NSF-Delaware Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR). <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;\">The U.S. Department of Energy supported the research team&#8217;s use of the National Synchrotron Light Source. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Como edaf\u00f3logo, cuando busco noticias para redactar post, me encuentro con la necesidad de leer muchas, por cuanto a menudo el vocablo suelo no aparece en sus titulares. Con el tiempo, al ir viendo las novedades instrumentales que aparecen en otros \u00e1mbitos del saber, termine pasando de tener una sana envidia a padecer una gran frustraci\u00f3n. Cuando se invierte poco en el estudio de un recurso natural, resulta raro que las nuevas tecnolog\u00edas lleguen con rapidez a una disciplina, y m\u00e1s aun que se implementen en el seno de la comunidad implicada. Se trata de un tema el que deberemos\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[590,594,587,611],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124971"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=124971"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124971\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":134995,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124971\/revisions\/134995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=124971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=124971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=124971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}