{"id":137351,"date":"2010-11-23T10:56:06","date_gmt":"2010-11-23T09:56:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/?p=137351"},"modified":"2010-11-23T10:59:50","modified_gmt":"2010-11-23T09:59:50","slug":"formacion-de-horizontes-edaficos-en-marte-casi-confirmado","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/2010\/11\/23\/137351","title":{"rendered":"Formaci\u00f3n de Horizontes Ed\u00e1ficos en Marte: Casi Confirmado"},"content":{"rendered":"

Los accidentes de los veh\u00edculos que circulan por el Planeta Marte parecen ser extraordinariamente fruct\u00edferos. Ya hemos dicho que darse de bruces con el suelo es una experiencia inolvidable \u00bf? No nos enga\u00f1emos, nadie hab\u00eda ideado estas plataformas m\u00f3viles para detectar la posible horizonaci\u00f3n de los suelos-regolito marcianos, aunque aqu\u00ed el tropiezo gener\u00f3<\/strong> <\/span>un corte en el terreno y as\u00ed aparecieron varios horizontes (de unas cuantas decenas de cm. de espesor) que, seg\u00fan los autores del art\u00edculo comentado, al menos algunos obedecer\u00edan al lavado<\/span><\/strong> (por acci\u00f3n del agua no hace mucho tiempo) y acumulaci\u00f3n subsuperficial de una sal concreta<\/strong>.<\/span> Hablamos del sulfatos de Hierro en Marte<\/a>, pero tambi\u00e9n de n\u00f3dulos y recubrimientos de s\u00edlice<\/strong><\/span>. Abajo abundaremos en los detalles que, seg\u00fan las noticias le\u00eddas, se mostrar\u00e1n en ingl\u00e9s o espa\u00f1ol. De momento ya vemos que en ausencia de vida, al menos en Marte pueden detectarse suelos-regolitos que o bien muestran horizonaci\u00f3n o bien crioturbaci\u00f3n (suelos poligonales)<\/strong>.<\/span> Para no haberse elaborado una misi\u00f3n con fines edafol\u00f3gicos, algo es algo. Pero sigamos.<\/p>\n

\"IDL\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Presuntos horizontes en el suelo marciano Foto Galaxy Wire<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00a0Otros autores defienden que <\/a>las part\u00edculas con recubrimiento de s\u00edlice pudieron ser producidos por eventos hidrotermales asociados al vulcanismo en ambientes \u00e1cido sulf\u00e1ticos<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Curiosamente, sobre el posible lavado de sales en los suelos marcianos ya hablamos en el post \u201cLos Suelos de Marte y sus Horizontes: Ciclos Hidrol\u00f3gicos, y Cambio Clim\u00e1tico<\/a>. As\u00ed pues, Roland ten\u00eda raz\u00f3n, al parecer. Los horizontes detectados atesoran un color amarillento debido a<\/span><\/strong> la hematina. No entraremos en detalles por cuanto son demasiado t\u00e9cnicos, mientras que los presuntos interesados sabr\u00e1n m\u00e1s de el tema que yo. As\u00ed pues ah\u00ed os mostramos directamente las noticias relacionadas y alguna bibliograf\u00eda. Esta claro, por esta \u00faltima que, para quien trabaja en estos menesteres (ver al final Ray Arvidson \u00a1en una misma revista!) publicar a mansalva, y en un mismo a\u00f1o, no le resulta dif\u00edcil (envidia, pero sana, que conste).<\/p>\n

\u00a0Juan Jos\u00e9 Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\"suelos-poligonales-en-marte-fuente-mars-nasa\"<\/p>\n

Suelos Poligonales en Marte Fuente Mars NASA<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

La NASA halla evidencias recientes de agua filtrada en Marte<\/a><\/h3>\n

\u00a0El robot de la NASA<\/a> Spirit<\/a> ha obtenido pruebas de que el agua, tal vez en forma de nieve derretida, corr\u00eda de forma continua en el subsuelo del terreno donde se atasc\u00f3 el a\u00f1o pasado en Marte. FUENTE | El Pa\u00eds Digital<\/a>; 29\/10\/2010<\/p>\n

\u00a0A principios de 2008 el robot Phoenix<\/a> de la Nasa toc\u00f3 por primera vez hielo en la superficie de Marte. En noviembre del mismo a\u00f1o los cient\u00edficos confirmaron la existencia de grandes glaciares ocultos bajo la superficie del planeta. Pero el gran reto era confirmar la existencia de agua.<\/p>\n

El an\u00e1lisis de estos hallazgos aparece en un estudio publicado en el Journal of Geophysical Research<\/a>, encabezado por Ray Arvidson,<\/strong> investigador de la Universidad de Washington y principal adjunto para los robots Spirit y Opportunity<\/a>, que operan en Marte. El estudio se centra en las operaciones realizadas por Spirit desde finales de 2007 hasta justo antes de que el veh\u00edculo dejara de comunicarse. En abril de 2009, las ruedas izquierdas de Spirit rompieron una costra en un sitio llamado Troya quedando atrapadas en la arena blanda. Los investigadores aprovecharon para examinar con gran detalle las capas del suelo que las ruedas hab\u00edan expuesto y tambi\u00e9n las superficies vecinas, logrando estos nuevos hallazgos.<\/strong><\/p>\n

PROCESO RECIENTE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Las capas de estratificaci\u00f3n del suelo con diferentes composiciones cerca de la superficie llevaron al equipo cient\u00edfico del Spirit a pensar que finas l\u00e1minas de agua procedentes de escarcha o nieve pudieron haberse filtrado en el terreno.<\/strong> \u00abLa falta de exposici\u00f3n en la superficie indica que la disoluci\u00f3n de los sulfatos de hierro debe ser un proceso relativamente reciente ya que el viento ha modelado sistem\u00e1ticamente el paisaje en la regi\u00f3n que<\/strong> Spirit ha estado examinando\u00bb, ha explicado Arvidson.<\/p>\n

La filtraci\u00f3n pudo haber sucedido durante los cambios clim\u00e1ticos c\u00edclicos en los per\u00edodos en que Marte se muestra m\u00e1s inclinado sobre su eje. El agua puede haberse filtrado en la arena, llevando minerales solubles a zonas m\u00e1s profundas que los menos solubles<\/strong>. La inclinaci\u00f3n del eje var\u00eda en escalas de tiempo de cientos de miles de a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

Los minerales relativamente insolubles cerca de la superficie incluyen lo que se piensa que es hematita, s\u00edlice y yeso<\/strong>. El sulfato f\u00e9rrico, que es m\u00e1s soluble, parece haber sido disuelto y arrastrado por el agua. Ninguno de estos minerales est\u00e1 expuesto en la superficie, que se encuentra cubierta por la arena arrastrada por el viento y el polvo<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"ditribucion-del-permafrost-en-marte-fuente-mars-nasa\"<\/p>\n

Distribuci\u00f3n latitudinal de permafrost en Marte Fuente: Foto Mars NASDA<\/a><\/p>\n

Ver tambi\u00e9n: Noticia de la NASA<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0Seg\u00fan Ling y Wang<\/a> (Icarus en prensa)\u2026.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0These sulfates are hydrous<\/strong> as seen by MiniTES (Ruff et al., 2006), and could contain Fe-sulfates such as ferricopiapite, hydronium jarosite, fibroferrite, rhomboclase and paracoquimbite<\/strong> based on a Pancam spectral analysis (Johnson et al., 2007) and a comparison with laboratory spectra (Lane et al., 2008). According to the mineral mode analyses (Wang et al., 2006b; Yen et al., 2008), Mg- and Ca-sulfates coexist with ferric sulfates in these soils, with highly variable proportions<\/strong>. More importantly, Pancam spectral changes of Tyrone yellowish soils<\/strong> and Kit Carson yellowish soils<\/strong> were observed after 175 sols\u2019 and four sols\u2019 exposure to current martian surface atmospheric conditions (Rice et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2008a). On the basis of laboratory simulations (Freeman et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2008b), the spectral change of Tyrone yellowish soils was interpreted to be potentially caused by the dehydration, amorphization, and phase transition of ferric sulfates<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0The observed status variations of ferric sulfates on Mars indicate that there is a different environment within the martian subsurface at shallow depth (tens centimeters<\/strong>, Wang et al., 2008a), which enable the presence and preservation of different hydrous salts from those in equilibrium with Mars\u2019 surface atmospheric conditions.<\/p>\n

\u00a0En la p\u00e1gina<\/span><\/strong> Web Galaxy Wire<\/a> se dice<\/span><\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u00a0In April, Spirit entered an area composed of three or more layers of soil with differing pastel hues hiding beneath a darker sand blanket<\/strong>. Scientists dubbed the site \u201cTroy.\u201d Spirit\u2019s rotating wheels dug themselves more than hub deep at the site. The rover team has spent weeks studying Spirit\u2019s situation and preparing a simulation of this Martian driving dilemma to test escape maneuvers using an engineering test rover at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. A rock seen beneath Spirit in images from the camera on the end of the rover\u2019s arm may be touching Spirit\u2019s belly. Scientists believe it appears to be a loose rock not bearing the rover\u2019s weight. While Spirit awaits extraction instructions, the rover is keeping busy examining Troy, which is next to a low plateau called Home Plate, approximately 3.2 kilometers (2 miles) southeast of where Spirit landed in January 2004.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cBy serendipity<\/strong>, Troy is one of the most interesting places Spirit has been,\u201d said Ray Arvidson of Washington University in St. Louis. Arvidson is deputy principal investigator for the science payloads on Spirit and its twin rover, Opportunity. \u201cWe are able here to study each layer, each different color of the interesting soils exposed by the wheels<\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00a0Art\u00edculo al que hace referencia la noticia en espa\u00f1ol-castellano<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Citation: Arvidson<\/strong>, R. E., et al. (2010), Spirit Mars Rover Mission: Overview and selected results from the northern Home Plate Winter Haven to the side of Scamander crater, J. Geophys. Res., 115, E00F03, doi:10.1029\/2010JE003633.<\/p>\n

\u00a0This paper summarizes Spirit Rover operations in the Columbia Hills, Gusev crater, from sol 1410 (start of the third winter campaign) to sol 2169 (when extrication attempts from Troy stopped to winterize the vehicle) and provides an overview of key scientific results. The third winter campaign took advantage of parking on the northern slope of Home Plate to tilt the vehicle to track the sun and thus survive the winter season. With the onset of the spring season, Spirit began circumnavigating Home Plate on the way to volcanic constructs located to the south. Silica<\/strong>\u2010<\/strong>rich nodular rocks were discovered in the valley to the north of Home Plate<\/strong>. The inoperative right front wheel drive actuator made climbing soil<\/strong>\u2010<\/strong>covered slopes problematical and led to high slip conditions and extensive excavation of subsurface soils. This situation led to embedding of Spirit on the side of a shallow, 8 m wide crater in Troy<\/strong>, located in the valley to the west of Home Plate. Examination of the materials exposed during embedding showed that Spirit broke through a thin sulfate<\/strong>\u2010<\/strong>rich soil crust and became embedded in an underlying mix of sulfate and basaltic sands<\/strong>. The nature of the crust is consistent with dissolution and precipitation in the presence of soil water within a few centimeters of the surface<\/strong>. The observation that sulfate\u2010rich deposits in Troy and elsewhere in the Columbia Hills are just beneath the surface implies that these processes have operated on a continuing basis on Mars as landforms have been shaped by erosion and deposition<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Otros Trabajos relacionados con el tema<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Correction to \u201cMicroscopy analysis of soils at the Phoenix landing site, Mars: Classification of soil particles and description of their optical and magnetic properties\u201d<\/a>; W. Goetz, et al., J. Geophys. Res., 115, E00E99, doi:10.1029\/ 2010JE003717, 2010<\/p>\n

Microscopy analysis of soils at the Phoenix landing site, Mars: Classification of soil particles and description of their optical and magnetic properties<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 [Preview]<\/a><\/p>\n

W. Goetz, et al., J. Geophys. Res., 115, E00E22, doi:10.1029\/2009JE003437, 2010<\/p>\n

The optical microscope onboard the Phoenix spacecraft has returned color images (4 \u03bc m pixel \u22121 ) of soils that were delivered to and held on various substrates. A preliminary taxonomy of Phoenix s…<\/p>\n

\u00a0In situ analysis of ice table depth variations in the vicinity of small rocks at the Phoenix landing site<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 [Preview]<\/a>. H. G. Sizemore, M. T. Mellon, M. L. Searls, M. T. Lemmon, A. P. Zent, T. L. Heet, R. E. Arvidson, D. L. Blaney, and H. U. S\u00e9ller; J. Geophys. Res., 115, E00E09, doi:10.1029\/2009JE003414, 2010<\/p>\n

Prior to the Phoenix mission, ice stability simulations predicted that surface rocks at the landing site would produce depressions in the ice table (the boundary between dry and ice\u2010cemented soil) i…<\/p>\n

\u00a0Silica in a Mars analog environment: Ka’u Desert, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 [Preview]<\/a>; K. D. Seelos, R. E. Arvidson, B. L. Jolliff, S. M. Chemtob, R. V. Morris, D. W. Ming, and G. A. Swayze; J. Geophys. Res., 115, E00D15, doi:10.1029\/ 2009JE003347, 2010<\/p>\n

\u00a0Airborne Visible\/Near Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data acquired over the Ka’u Desert are atmospherically corrected to ground reflectance and used to identify the mineralogic components of…<\/p>\n

\u00a0Early Mars hydrology: Meridiani playa deposits and the sedimentary record of Arabia Terra<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 [Preview]<\/a>; J. C. Andrews\u2010Hanna, M. T. Zuber, R. E. Arvidson, and S. M. Wiseman. J. Geophys. Res., 115, E06002, doi: 10.1029\/ 2009 JE003485, \u00a02010<\/p>\n

\u00a0The Meridiani Planum region of Mars has been identified as a region of past aqueous activity by a combination of orbital and in situ observations that revealed evidence for sulfate-rich dirty evapor…<\/p>\n

\u00a0Silica coatings in the Ka’u Desert, Hawaii, a Mars analog terrain: A micromorphological, spectral, chemical, and isotopic study<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 [Preview]<\/a>. S. M. Chemtob, B. L. Jolliff, G. R. Rossman, J. M. Eiler, and R. E. Arvidson., J. Geophys. Res., 115, E04001, doi:10.1029\/2009JE003473, 2010<\/p>\n

High silica materials have been observed on Mars, both from orbit by the CRISM spectrometer and in situ by the Spirit rover at Gusev Crater. These observations potentially imply a wet, geologically …<\/p>\n

\u00a0Seasonal ice cycle at the Mars Phoenix landing site: 2. Postlanding CRISM and ground observations<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 [Preview]<\/a>. S. Cull, R. E. Arvidson, R. V. Morris, M. Wolff, M. T. Mellon, and M. T. Lemmon. J. Geophys. Res., 115, E00E19, doi:10.1029\/ 2009JE003410, 2010<\/p>\n

\u00a0The combination of ground observations from the Mars Phoenix Lander and orbital data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) provided a detailed view of the formation o…<\/p>\n

\u00a0Stratigraphy of hydrated sulfates in the sedimentary deposits of Aram Chaos, Mars<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 [Preview]<\/a>., K. A. Lichtenberg, et al., J. Geophys. Res., 115, E00D17, doi:10.1029\/2009JE003353, 2010<\/p>\n

\u00a0Sedimentary deposits within the 280 km wide crater containing Aram Chaos (\u223c3\u00b0N, 339\u00b0E) have been differentially eroded by wind to expose a stratigraphic column 900\u20131000 m thick that unconformably ov…<\/p>\n

\u00a0Spirit Mars Rover Mission: Overview and selected results from the northern Home Plate Winter Haven to the side of Scamander crater<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 [Preview]<\/a> R. E. Arvidson, et al. J. Geophys. Res., 115, E00F03, doi:10.1029\/2010JE003633, 2010<\/p>\n

This paper summarizes Spirit Rover operations in the Columbia Hills, Gusev crater, from sol 1410 (start of the third winter campaign) to sol 2169 (when extrication attempts from Troy stopped to wint…<\/p>\n

\u00a0Seasonal H2O and CO2 ice cycles at the Mars Phoenix landing site: 1. Prelanding CRISM and HiRISE observations<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 [Preview]<\/a>; S. Cull, R. E. Arvidson, M. Mellon, S. Wiseman, R. Clark, T. Titus, R. V. Morris, and P. McGuire. J. Geophys. Res., 115, E00D16, doi:10.1029\/2009JE003340, 2010<\/p>\n

\u00a0The condensation, evolution, and sublimation of seasonal water and carbon dioxide ices were characterized at the Mars Phoenix landing site from Martian northern midsummer to…<\/p>\n

\u00a0Spectral and stratigraphic mapping of hydrated sulfate and phyllosilicate\u2010bearing deposits in northern Sinus Meridiani, Mars<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 [Preview]<\/a>., S. M. Wiseman, et al. J. Geophys. Res., 115, E00D18, doi:10.1029\/ 2009JE003354, 2010<\/p>\n

\u00a0We present detailed stratigraphic and spectral analyses that focus on a region in northern Sinus Meridiani located between 1\u00b0N to 5\u00b0N latitude and 3\u00b0W to 1\u00b0E longitude. Several stratigraphically dis…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Los accidentes de los veh\u00edculos que circulan por el Planeta Marte parecen ser extraordinariamente fruct\u00edferos. Ya hemos dicho que darse de bruces con el suelo es una experiencia inolvidable \u00bf? No nos enga\u00f1emos, nadie hab\u00eda ideado estas plataformas m\u00f3viles para detectar la posible horizonaci\u00f3n de los suelos-regolito marcianos, aunque aqu\u00ed el tropiezo gener\u00f3 un corte en el terreno y as\u00ed aparecieron varios horizontes (de unas cuantas decenas de cm. de espesor) que, seg\u00fan los autores del art\u00edculo comentado, al menos algunos obedecer\u00edan al lavado (por acci\u00f3n del agua no hace mucho tiempo) y acumulaci\u00f3n subsuperficial de una sal concreta. Hablamos\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[590,597,607,615],"tags":[46894,2523,2522,2521],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137351"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=137351"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137351\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":137494,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137351\/revisions\/137494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=137351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=137351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=137351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}