{"id":143116,"date":"2013-07-08T14:55:42","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T13:55:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/?p=143116"},"modified":"2013-07-08T14:56:11","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T13:56:11","slug":"suelos-y-sequia-cultivos-industriales-y-pastizales-extensivos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/2013\/07\/08\/143116","title":{"rendered":"Suelos y Sequ\u00eda: Cultivos industriales y pastizales extensivos"},"content":{"rendered":"

Con independencia de la consabida coletilla sobre el cambio clim\u00e1tico y el secuestro de carbono que acompa\u00f1a a este tipo de noticias durante las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas, la nota de prensa que os ofrecemos hoy puede ser de considerable inter\u00e9s, con vistas a mostrar los efectos indeseados de la agricultura industrial basada en\u00a0monocultivos, el arado, fertilizaci\u00f3n mineral generosa<\/strong><\/span> (a la larga \u00a0tambi\u00e9n contaminante) y<\/span><\/strong>, a menudo sembrando plantas modificadas gen\u00e9ticamente (transg\u00e9nicos). B\u00e1sicamente, el estudio llevado a cabo muestra\u00a0la respuesta del suelo con pastizales extensivos ante la sequ\u00eda y\u00a0las mentadas pr\u00e1cticas agron\u00f3micas<\/strong><\/span>. \u00a0Los resultados parecieron ser contundentes: mientras el medio ed\u00e1fico y su biota bajo la agronom\u00eda industrial era afectada negativamente<\/strong><\/span>, siendo emisora de carbono a la atmosfera, en los pastizales<\/strong> <\/span>permanec\u00eda secuestrando CO2 y reciclando debidamente los nutrientes<\/span><\/strong>. En otras palabras, la resiliencia del sistema suelo result\u00f3 ser muy superior<\/span> <\/strong>en la segunda, al compararla\u00a0con la primera. Los an\u00e1lisis de biolog\u00eda del suelo llevados a cabo por los investigadores mostraron, que \u201claboreo + fertilizaci\u00f3n\u201d cambian la composici\u00f3n biol\u00f3gica de las comunidades del suelo, disminuyendo\/perjudicando lo que hoy algunos denominan calidad y funciones del suelo<\/strong><\/span>, respectivamente. M\u00e1s concretamente los cient\u00edficos implicados constataron un abrupto descenso de especies y biomasa f\u00fangica en los suelos,\u00a0 \u201cindustrialmente cultivados\u201d, as\u00ed como los invertebrados que se alimentan de ella, mientras que aumentaba el rol de las bacterias y sus consumidores. Los hongos prosperaron mal bajo la sequ\u00eda en as parcelas\u00a0aradas,\u00a0resistiendo sus efectos en los pastizales extensivos<\/strong> <\/span>(baja carga ganadera, no fertilizados y obviamente sin encontrarse sujetos a la remoci\u00f3n del suelo por el laboreo). Si bien no se investig\u00f3 que pod\u00eda ocurrir bajo agricultura ecol\u00f3gica sin labranza, resulta l\u00f3gico interferir que<\/strong> <\/span>el patr\u00f3n esperable esperarse fuera m\u00e1s semejante al del pastizal que al del campo de labranza industrial. Resumiendo, la gesti\u00f3n industrial del medio ed\u00e1fico debilita la resistencia del ecosistema frente a los impactos de la sequ\u00eda, como tambi\u00e9n ocurre al disminuir su biodiversidad<\/strong><\/span>, permitiendo que la producci\u00f3n ganadera continuara, aunque, l\u00f3gicamente cabe esperar un descenso en la producci\u00f3n de la biomasa consumible por la caba\u00f1a ganadera. Cabe as\u00ed inferir que la perturbaci\u00f3n de la cadena tr\u00f3fica, al descender el rol de los hongos del suelo, pudiera ser la responsable de tal p\u00e9rdida de rendimiento por\u00a0perturbaci\u00f3n ecol\u00f3gica. Ahora bien, no puede descartarse que<\/strong> <\/span>se trate de una correlaci\u00f3n indirecta y como corolario espuria (tras la cual es esconde la verdadera importancia de variables no analizadas). Por lo tanto, deber\u00eda continuar investig\u00e1ndose con vistas a corroborar\/refutar la hip\u00f3tesis f\u00fangica<\/strong><\/span>. Extra\u00f1a que no se mente la remoci\u00f3n de la los cent\u00edmetros superficiales del suelo por el arado, por cuanto expone materiales ed\u00e1ficos a las repercusiones de las inclemencias clim\u00e1ticas, siendo l\u00f3gico que incrementara la mineralizaci\u00f3n de la materia org\u00e1nica<\/strong> <\/span>y, por consiguiente, las emisiones del aludido gas de invernadero. Posiblemente, en el trabajo original se hable de este \u00faltimo asunto.<\/p>\n

Juan Jos\u00e9 Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"pastizales-sequia-arkansas\"<\/span><\/p>\n

La diversidad del pasto tambi\u00e9n amortigua los efectos devastadores de la sequ\u00eda. Fuente: carbon-based-ghg.blogspot.com.es<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Grasslands Soils Offer Some Insurance Against Climate Change<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n

ScienceDaily <\/em>(Jan. 26, 2012)<\/em> \u2014 The earth beneath our feet plays an important role in carbon storage \u2013 a key factor in climate change \u2013 and new research published in Nature Climate Change this week shows that in times of drought some types of soil perform better than others.<\/p>\n

Research led by Dr Franciska de Vries of Lancaster University, showed that in drought conditions soil under agricultural grasslands was able to continue doing its job of containing carbon rather than releasing it into the atmosphere. Soil under intensively managed wheat fields, however was not so efficient<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The grasslands<\/strong> in the study also retained their nutrients better under drought conditions<\/strong>, when compared with wheat fields. The grassland soils did their job better because the soil biota in them consisted mainly of fungi, and the small animals which eat fungi, whereas in the wheat field they were mainly bacteria and bacterial-eating animals<\/strong>. Less fungi died because of the drought<\/strong>, so they could continue performing their functions.<\/p>\n

The study, which set out to <\/strong>compare the stability under drought of soil biota of two common land use systems<\/strong>, was conducted in labs at Lancaster University and field studies in the south of England, near Reading.<\/p>\n

Extensively managed grasslands are agricultural grasslands with low grazing densities. No fertiliser is<\/strong> added to the fields and they are not tilled<\/strong>. Wheat, however, is tilled every year, and receives a lot of fertiliser.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr Franciska de Vries of Lancaster University\u2019s Environment Centre said: \u201cThese results show land use strongly affects the resistance of soil food webs to drought<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs drought<\/strong> is widely predicted to increase as a result of climate change<\/strong>, it would be worth wile to promote these fungal-based soil food webs that are found under grasslands<\/strong>, because they can continue to perform their functions better under climate change<\/strong>, and prevent carbon and nitrogen losses, which can cause problems.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn that sense fungal-based soil food webs are almost like an insurance against the effects of climate change<\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Land use alters the resistance and resilience of soil food webs to drought<\/strong>, De Vries F.T., Liiri M., Bj\u00f8rnlund L., Bowker M., Christensen S., Set\u00e4l\u00e4 H. & Bardgett R.D. (2012), is published in Nature Climate Change, 29 January .<\/p>\n

Lancaster University\u2019s research partners were the University of Helsinki in Finland Biologisk Institut, Terrestrisk \u00d8kologi in Denmark, and Southwest Biological Science Center, US Geological Survey, in Arizona, US.<\/p>\n

Story Source<\/span>: <\/strong>The above story is reprinted from materials<\/a> provided by Lancaster University<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Journal Reference<\/strong>:<\/span> Franciska T. de Vries, Mira E. Liiri, Lisa Bj\u00f8rnlund, Matthew A. Bowker, S\u00f8ren Christensen, Heikki M. Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Richard D. Bardgett. Land use alters the resistance and resilience of soil food webs to drought<\/strong>. Nature Climate Change<\/em>, 2012; DOI: 10.1038\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Con independencia de la consabida coletilla sobre el cambio clim\u00e1tico y el secuestro de carbono que acompa\u00f1a a este tipo de noticias durante las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas, la nota de prensa que os ofrecemos hoy puede ser de considerable inter\u00e9s, con vistas a mostrar los efectos indeseados de la agricultura industrial basada en\u00a0monocultivos, el arado, fertilizaci\u00f3n mineral generosa (a la larga \u00a0tambi\u00e9n contaminante) y, a menudo sembrando plantas modificadas gen\u00e9ticamente (transg\u00e9nicos). B\u00e1sicamente, el estudio llevado a cabo muestra\u00a0la respuesta del suelo con pastizales extensivos ante la sequ\u00eda y\u00a0las mentadas pr\u00e1cticas agron\u00f3micas. \u00a0Los resultados parecieron ser contundentes: mientras el medio ed\u00e1fico y\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[596,603,590,613,589,600,598,595],"tags":[46673,9791,18077,19850,46657,47229],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143116"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=143116"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143116\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":144332,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143116\/revisions\/144332"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=143116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=143116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=143116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}