{"id":145384,"date":"2014-11-18T15:06:01","date_gmt":"2014-11-18T14:06:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/?p=145384"},"modified":"2014-11-18T15:06:01","modified_gmt":"2014-11-18T14:06:01","slug":"almacenamiento-de-carbono-y-profundidad-del-suelo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/2014\/11\/18\/145384","title":{"rendered":"Almacenamiento de carbono y profundidad del suelo"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"secuestro-de-carbono-y-perfil-del-suelo\"<\/p>\n

Almacenamiento de carbono a lo largo del perfil del suelo. Fuente: USGS<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Como ya os mostramos en varios post relacionados con el tema que tratamos hoy, y que son almacenados en nuestra categor\u00eda: \u201c<\/span>Biomasa y Necromasa en los Suelos<\/span><\/a>\u201d, la ciencia del cambio clim\u00e1tico<\/strong> <\/span>(por llamarla de alguna manera) comete un grav\u00edsimo error al restringir la estimaci\u00f3n del secuestro de carbono tan solo a los primeros cent\u00edmetros del perfil ed\u00e1fico<\/span><\/strong>. Se me antoja incre\u00edble que, salt\u00e1ndose todos los c\u00e1nones cient\u00edficos<\/strong> <\/span>e ir acumul\u00e1ndose evidencias en contra, se persista en la idea de que basta muestrear c\u00f3modamente con una azada la parte superficial del suelo, cuando en realidad as\u00ed alcanzamos conclusiones rotundamente err\u00f3neas, como mostramos por en\u00e9sima vez en la nota y resumen de un nuevo art\u00edculo de investigaci\u00f3n que avala las tesis que mantenemos<\/strong> <\/span>en esta bit\u00e1cora. Reiteremos que las conclusiones del art\u00edculo son claras en este sentido, tras once a\u00f1os de experimentaci\u00f3n. Si se extraen a partir de los 30 cm superficiales nos llevamos una idea equ\u00edvoca, al compararla con los muestreos hasta casi un metro de profundidad<\/strong> <\/span>(y en muchas ocasiones deber\u00edamos alcanzar tanta como para sondear todo el solum, ya hablemos de dos, tres o m\u00e1s metros). No entraremos aqu\u00ed a discutir de nuevo el dudoso efecto a escala global en lo referente a que al aumentar el anh\u00eddrido carb\u00f3nico en la atm\u00f3sfera aumentar\u00e1 su concentraci\u00f3n en el edafoclima y as\u00ed se producir\u00e1n cambios que (\u2026). Del mismo modo soslayamos la coletilla repetida ad nauseam<\/em> (\u201cque falta de imaginaci\u00f3n\u201d: \u00a1siempre lo mismo!) de que estos resultados deben ser contemplados en las futuras predicciones que ofrezca los nuevos modelos de cambio clim\u00e1tico, ya que si se hace caso a tanto cantama\u00f1anas, los modelizadores deber\u00edan modificar sus juguetes varias miles de veces al a\u00f1o. Tambi\u00e9n resulta descorazonador que los autores defiendan que\u00a0la fertilizaci\u00f3n de CO2\u00a0 expandir\u00e1 el ciclo biogeoqu\u00edmico de los suelos en profundidad, ya que lo que pudiera ocurrir en un sitio sabemos que necesariamente no es extrapolable a otros. La Uni\u00f3n Europea en un alarde de generosidad considera que debe muestrearse tan solo hasta los 40 cm (antes bastaban 20). Por mucho que se empecinen pol\u00edticos borricos y algunos colegas holgazanes si deseamos saber el carbono org\u00e1nico <\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>(por no hablar del <\/span>inorg\u00e1nico<\/span><\/a>) que almacenan los suelos, debe considerarse la totalidad del solum. Todo lo\u00a0 dem\u00e1s es tirar el dinero y publicar conclusiones que ya solo cabe calificar de deliberadamente falsas<\/span><\/strong><\/span>: o somos analfabetos, o tenemos deficiencias de comprensi\u00f3n lectora, o no leemos, o hace falta que nos den mil y una bofetadas para que aceptemos las evidencias cient\u00edficas<\/span><\/strong><\/span>. Como decimos en Espa\u00f1a, \u201c<\/span>hasta el rabo todo es toro<\/span><\/a>\u201d \u00bfLo entend\u00e9is?.<\/span><\/p>\n

Juan Jos\u00e9 Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Can Increase Carbon Storage in the Soil<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

ScienceDaily<\/strong><\/span> (Mar. 5, 2012) \u2014 Elevated carbon dioxide concentrations can increase carbon storage in the soil, according to results from a 12-year carbon dioxide-enrichment<\/strong> experiment at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.<\/span><\/p>\n

The increased storage of carbon in soil could help to slow down rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0The Department of Energy-sponsored free-air carbon dioxide-enrichment, or FACE, experiment officially ended in 2009. The conclusion and final harvest of the ORNL FACE experiment provided researchers with the unique opportunity to cut down entire trees and to dig in the soil to quantify the effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations on plant and soil carbon<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0In a paper published in Global Change Biology<\/span><\/strong>, Colleen Iversen, ORNL ecosystem ecologist, and her colleagues quantified the effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations on soil carbon by excavating soil from large pits that were nearly three feet deep. Researchers saw an increase in soil carbon storage under elevated carbon dioxide concentrations, a finding that was different from the other FACE experiments in forests.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Researchers found the increase in carbon storage even in deeper soil<\/strong>. \u00a0\u00abUnder elevated carbon dioxide, the trees were making more, deeper roots, which contributed to the accumulation of soil carbon<\/strong>,\u00bb Iversen said.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Iversen pointed out that <\/span>processes such as microbial decomposition and root dynamics change with soil depth, and information on processes occurring in <\/span>deeper soil will help to <\/span>inform large-scale models that are projecting future climatic conditions<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Co-authors on the paper, \u00ab<\/em><\/span>Soil carbon and nitrogen cycling and storage throughout the soil profile in a sweetgum plantation after 11 years of carbon dioxide-enrichment<\/span><\/em><\/a>\u00bb are ORNL’s Charles Garten and Richard Norby, FACE project leader; and Chapman University’s Jason Keller.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0The research was sponsored by the DOE Office of Science. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science. DOE’s Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time.<\/span><\/p>\n

Story Source<\/strong><\/span>: The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, via Newswise. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords: <\/strong>13<\/sup>C; carbon mineralization; elevated [CO2<\/sub>]; fine roots; Liquidambar styraciflua<\/em>; mineral-associated organic matter; net nitrogen mineralization; particulate organic matter; soil carbon; soil depth<\/span><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Increased partitioning of carbon (C) to fine roots under elevated [CO2<\/sub>], especially deep in the soil profile, could alter soil C and nitrogen (N) cycling in forests<\/span><\/strong>. After more than 11\u00a0years of free-air CO2<\/sub> enrichment<\/strong> in a Liquidambar styraciflua<\/em> L. (sweetgum) plantation in Oak Ridge<\/strong>, TN, USA, greater inputs of fine roots resulted in the incorporation of new C<\/strong> (i.e., C with a depleted \u03b413<\/sup>C) into root-derived particulate organic matter (POM) pools to 90-cm depth<\/strong>. <\/span>Even though production in the sweetgum stand was limited by soil N availability, soil C and N contents were greater throughout the soil profile under elevated [CO2<\/sub>]<\/strong> at the conclusion of the experiment. <\/span>Greater C inputs from fine-root detritus under elevated [CO2<\/sub>] did not result in increased net N immobilization or C mineralization rates in long-term<\/strong> laboratory incubations<\/span>, <\/span>possibly because microbial biomass was lower in the CO2<\/sub>-enriched plots<\/strong>. Furthermore, the \u03b413<\/sup>CO2<\/sub> of the C mineralized from the incubated soil closely tracked the \u03b413<\/sup>C of the labile POM pool <\/strong>in the elevated [CO2<\/sub>] treatment, especially in shallower soil<\/strong>, and did not indicate significant priming of the decomposition of pre-experiment soil organic matter (SOM)<\/strong>. Although <\/span>potential C mineralization rates were positively and linearly related to total SOM C content in the top 30\u00a0cm of soil<\/strong>, this relationship did not hold in deeper soil<\/strong>. Taken together with an increased mean residence time of C in deeper soil pools<\/strong>, these findings indicate that C inputs from relatively deep roots under elevated [CO2<\/sub>] may increase the potential for long-term soil C storage<\/strong>. <\/span>However, C in deeper soil is likely to take many years to accrue to a significant fraction of total soil C given relatively smaller root inputs at depth<\/strong>. <\/span>Expanded representation of biogeochemical cycling throughout the soil profile may improve model projections<\/strong> of future forest responses to rising atmospheric [CO2<\/sub>].<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Almacenamiento de carbono a lo largo del perfil del suelo. Fuente: USGS Como ya os mostramos en varios post relacionados con el tema que tratamos hoy, y que son almacenados en nuestra categor\u00eda: \u201cBiomasa y Necromasa en los Suelos\u201d, la ciencia del cambio clim\u00e1tico (por llamarla de alguna manera) comete un grav\u00edsimo error al restringir la estimaci\u00f3n del secuestro de carbono tan solo a los primeros cent\u00edmetros del perfil ed\u00e1fico. Se me antoja incre\u00edble que, salt\u00e1ndose todos los c\u00e1nones cient\u00edficos e ir acumul\u00e1ndose evidencias en contra, se persista en la idea de que basta muestrear c\u00f3modamente con una azada la\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[596,608,609,591,597,595],"tags":[46647,46752,46696,46734],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145384"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=145384"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":146331,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145384\/revisions\/146331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=145384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=145384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=145384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}