{"id":146347,"date":"2015-07-15T11:45:53","date_gmt":"2015-07-15T10:45:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/?p=146347"},"modified":"2015-07-15T11:45:53","modified_gmt":"2015-07-15T10:45:53","slug":"efecto-de-los-pesticidas-sobre-las-lombrices-del-suelo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/2015\/07\/15\/146347","title":{"rendered":"Efecto de los pesticidas sobre las lombrices del Suelo"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"pericidas-y-lombrices-apes\"\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Rociando pesticidas, Fuente: AP Environmental Science Blog<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Como todos vosotros sab\u00e9is, la ingente cantidad de pesticidas que demanda la agricultura intensiva<\/strong><\/span> actual <\/span>contamina toda la biosfera, da\u00f1ando el medioambiente<\/strong><\/span>. Finalmente <\/span>somos los propios seres humanos los que padecemos tal envenenamiento<\/strong><\/span> derivado de tales pr\u00e1cticas. Muchos de estos t\u00f3xicos son dispersados en forma de espr\u00e1is, aunque finalmente la <\/span>mayor parte de los mismos termina en el suelo afectando<\/span> a sus organismos y alterando negativamente el metabolismo de los ecosistemas<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Ya os hemos comentado que, en ambientes templados h\u00famedos y subh\u00famedos, los <\/span>lumbr\u00edcidos<\/span><\/a>, resultan ser<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>los <\/span>ingenieros del suelo<\/span><\/a> m\u00e1s relevantes, siendo su <\/span>papel capital en la mejora de las propiedades f\u00edsicas y qu\u00edmicas del medio ed\u00e1fico<\/strong><\/span>. \u00bf<\/strong><\/span><\/span>Qu\u00e9 les ocurre a estas criaturas, cuando un campo de cultivo es rociado a\u00f1o tras a\u00f1o con pesticidas?<\/strong><\/span>. Simplemente el <\/span>efecto<\/strong><\/span> de los \u00faltimos sobre las primeras es <\/span>devastador<\/strong><\/span>. Un estudio reciente, cuyos resultados han sido publicitados por <\/span>ScienceDaily<\/span><\/a> muestra los estragos producidos. Los autores de la investigaci\u00f3n que reproducimos hoy al final de esta entrega, muestran como <\/span>las lombrices logran desintoxicarse, aunque el precio resultar\u00e1 ser muy alto<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, ya que gastan gran parte de su energ\u00eda en tal proceso, en detrimento de otros esenciales para el buen funcionamiento de su metabolismo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Los pesticidas incrementan el metabolismo de estos gusanos anillados expoliando sus reservas de gluc\u00f3geno, aumentando tambi\u00e9n la cantidad de amino\u00e1cidos y prote\u00ednas como consecuencia de la desintoxicaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/span>. La respuesta var\u00eda seg\u00fan\u00a0se trate de su primera exposici\u00f3n a estos t\u00f3xicos, o que ya sufrieran tal agresi\u00f3n en a\u00f1os previos. En cualquier caso, <\/span>su tasa reproductiva disminuye dram\u00e1ticamente \u00a0de tal manera que sus poblaciones se reducen dos o tres veces<\/strong><\/span> respecto a las\u00a0que cabr\u00eda esperar. Del mismo modo, este gasto energ\u00e9tico requerido para la desintoxicaci\u00f3n de sus cuerpos se traduce en que <\/span>los individuos solo alcancen una masa corporal que equivalente\u00a0a la mitad de los espec\u00edmenes no afectados por el envenenamiento<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Resumiendo, <\/span>menores tama\u00f1os y poblaciones se traducir\u00e1n necesariamente en mermar la actividad de estos ingenieros del suelo<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, y como corolario, <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>tal proceso reducir\u00e1<\/strong><\/span><\/span> su rol en mantener la fertilidad de los suelos y el reciclado de nutrientes<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Y as\u00ed el agricultor se ver\u00e1 obligado a realizar nuevos desembolsos, algunos de los cuales, como las enmiendas qu\u00edmicas, aumentar\u00e1n la fertilidad qu\u00edmica y las producciones agrarias, aunque a costa de generar una nueva contaminaci\u00f3n ambiental. <\/span>Tal hecho no acaece en la denominada <\/span><\/span><\/strong>agricultura org\u00e1nica o ecol\u00f3gica<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Reiteramos por en\u00e9sima vez que <\/span>la agricultura industrial lo envenena \u00a0todo<\/strong><\/span>. El mejor pesticida sint\u00e9tico es el que no se produce. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Se han acumulado ya demasiadas evidencias cient\u00edficas como para que la sociedad actual comprenda que la futura producci\u00f3n alimentaria debe basarse en otros principios, ya que de no ser as\u00ed viviremos en un mundo m\u00e1s enfermo y polucionado, lo que ineludiblemente redundar\u00e1 negativamente en\u00a0la salud de la poblaci\u00f3n humana. Os dejo pues con la noticia (…)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Juan Jos\u00e9 Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Pesticides make the life of <\/span>earthworms miserable<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Date<\/span>: <\/em><\/strong>March 25, 2014; Source<\/span>: <\/em><\/strong>University of Southern Denmark<\/p>\n

Summary<\/span>: <\/em><\/strong>Pesticides are sprayed on crops to help them grow, but the effect on earthworms living in the soil under the plants is devastating, new research reveals. The worms only grow to half their normal weight and they do not reproduce as well as worms in fields that are not sprayed, a research team reports after having studied earthworms that were exposed to pesticides over generations.<\/p>\n

Pesticides are sprayed on crops to help them grow, but the effect on earthworms living in the soil under the plants is devastating<\/strong>, new research reveals: The worms only grow to half their normal weight and they do not reproduce as well as worms in fields that are not sprayed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Pesticides have a direct impact on the physiology and behavior of earthworms<\/strong>, a Danish\/French research team reports after having studied earthworms that were exposed to pesticides over generations<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00abWe see that the worms have developed methods to detoxify themselves, so that they can live in soil sprayed with fungicide<\/strong>. They spend a lot of energy on detoxifying, and that comes with a cost<\/strong>: The worms do not reach the same size<\/strong> as other worms<\/strong>, and we see that there are fewer of them in sprayed<\/strong> soil. An explanation could be that they are less successful at reproducing, because<\/strong> they spend their energy on ridding themselves of the pesticide,\u00bb the researchers, Ph. D. student Nicolas Givaudan and associate professor, Claudia Wiegand, say.<\/p>\n

Claudia Wiegand is from the Department of Biology at University of Southern Denmark, and she led the research together with Francoise Binet from University Rennes 1 in France. Nicolas Givaudan is doing his Ph. D. as a joint degree between University of Southern Denmark and University of Rennes 1 in France. They researchers reached their findings by metabolomic profiling and energetic parameters<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The researchers set up an experiment to study the behavior of the earthworm species Aporectodea caliginosa<\/em>. They moved two portions of farmed soil with worms into the lab<\/strong>. One portion was taken from a local organic field<\/strong>, the other from a local conventionally cultivated field that had been sprayed with fungicide for 20 years<\/strong>. This soil had remnants of the internationally commonly used fungicide Opus\u00ae at a level common in fields. When crops are sprayed with fungicide, only a small part of the chemical is absorbed by the plant. The waste can be up to 70 per cent, and much of the fungicide ends up in the soil<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

In the laboratory, the researchers could see how the fungicide-exposed worms adapted to the toxic environment. Over generations the worms have developed a method to detoxify themselves<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00abThe fungicide increased metabolism rate in the worms<\/strong>, both<\/strong> the adapted worms and the not adapted worms. In the not adapted worms we saw that their energy reserve of glycogen was used faster<\/strong>. Contrastingly, only in the adapted worms we saw that amino acids and protein contents increased<\/strong>, suggesting a detoxification mechanism<\/strong>. \u00abThey also increased their feeding activity, possibly to compensate for the increase in energy demand<\/strong>,\u00bb the researchers said.<\/p>\n

Often there are 2 — 3 times more earthworms in unsprayed soil than in sprayed soil<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00abThe reason for this may be that earthworms in sprayed soil do not reproduce as successfully as worms in unsprayed s<\/strong>oil, because they need to spend more energy on detoxifying,\u00bb the researchers say.<\/p>\n

They also weighed the worms in the experiment and found that the worms exposed to fungicide weighed only half of the worms in organic soi<\/strong>l. Worms in organic soil had an average weight of 0.6 grams, worms in conventionally cultivated soil had an average weight of 0.3 grams.<\/p>\n

Story Source: <\/strong>The above story is based on materials<\/a> provided by University of Southern Denmark<\/strong><\/a>. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.<\/em><\/p>\n

Journal Reference<\/strong>: Nicolas Givaudan, Claudia Wiegand, Barbara Le Bot, David Renault, Fred\u00e9rique Pallois, St\u00e9phanie Llopis, Fran\u00e7oise Binet. Acclimation of earthworms to chemicals in anthropogenic landscapes, physiological mechanisms and soil ecological implications<\/strong>. Soil Biology and Biochemistry<\/em>, 2014; 73: 49 DOI: 10.1016\/j.soilbio.2014.01.032<\/a><\/p>\n

Cite This Page<\/strong>:MLA<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>APA<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Chicago<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

University of Southern Denmark. \u00abPesticides make the life of earthworms miserable.\u00bb ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 25 March 2014. <www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2014\/03\/140325113232.htm>.<\/p>\n

Related Articles: <\/strong>Vermicompost<\/a>, Agronomy<\/a>, Soil life<\/a>, Annelid<\/a>, Soil contamination<\/a>, Prairie Restoration<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 Rociando pesticidas, Fuente: AP Environmental Science Blog Como todos vosotros sab\u00e9is, la ingente cantidad de pesticidas que demanda la agricultura intensiva actual contamina toda la biosfera, da\u00f1ando el medioambiente. Finalmente somos los propios seres humanos los que padecemos tal envenenamiento derivado de tales pr\u00e1cticas. Muchos de estos t\u00f3xicos son dispersados en forma de espr\u00e1is, aunque finalmente la mayor parte de los mismos termina en el suelo afectando a sus organismos y alterando negativamente el metabolismo de los ecosistemas. Ya os hemos comentado que, en ambientes templados h\u00famedos y subh\u00famedos, los lumbr\u00edcidos, resultan ser\u00a0 los ingenieros del suelo m\u00e1s relevantes,\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[596,590,594],"tags":[46855,46949,46833,47672,47150,47673],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146347"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=146347"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146347\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":147177,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146347\/revisions\/147177"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=146347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=146347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=146347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}