{"id":146572,"date":"2016-02-07T20:37:21","date_gmt":"2016-02-07T19:37:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/?p=146572"},"modified":"2016-02-07T20:37:21","modified_gmt":"2016-02-07T19:37:21","slug":"la-biodiversidad-microbiana-del-suelo-es-fundamental-para-la-descontaminacion-de-los-productos-agroquimicos-y-aguas-residuales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/2016\/02\/07\/146572","title":{"rendered":"La biodiversidad microbiana del suelo es fundamental para la descontaminaci\u00f3n de los productos agroqu\u00edmicos y aguas residuales"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"microbiomas-de-los-suelos\"\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Como es bien sabido, el suelo es un ecosistema complejo que alberga la mayor biodiversidad\u00a0de organismos\u00a0procariotas en la Tierra<\/span><\/a><\/em>. <\/strong>Secuenciaci\u00f3n gen\u00f3mica de las microbiota de algunos suelos. Fuente PLosOne<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Las practicas inherentes a <\/span>la agricultura industrial<\/strong><\/span> se encuentran causando <\/span>estragos en las comunidades microbianas del suelo<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, tanto a nivel cualitativo como cuantitativo. Entre otras razones cabe se\u00f1alar que <\/span>los agroqu\u00edmicos y las aguas residuales no depuradas utilizadas para el riesgo se encuentran cargadas de toxina<\/strong><\/span>s<\/span><\/strong>, como lo son los <\/span>metales pesados<\/strong><\/span> entre otras <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(por ejemplo, cadmio, zinc y cobre). Los resultados de la investigaci\u00f3n que os mostramos hoy <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>constatan que <\/span>la aplicaci\u00f3n de estos productos reduce la biodiversidad de los organismos del suelo. Conforme a los autores, basta tan solo una p\u00e9rdida del 5%\u00a0para que el medio ed\u00e1fico sea incapaz de eliminar este tipo de t\u00f3xicos, que de este modo se acumulan en suelos, contaminando de paso las aguas superficiales y subterr\u00e1neas<\/strong><\/span>. En consecuencia los autores proponen realizar test que de cuenta de <\/span>la diversidad de grupos funcionales<\/strong><\/span> con vistas a <\/span>monitorizar<\/strong><\/span> el estado de las comunidades microbianas, as\u00ed como <\/span>su potencial con vistas a\u00a0realizar sus servicios ecosist\u00e9micos<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Si en el propio ser humano, sus <\/span>microbiomas<\/span><\/a>, son vitales para la supervivencia de cada individuo, lo mismo podemos aseverar <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>respecto al medio ed\u00e1fico. Se trata de la en\u00e9sima constataci\u00f3n, de que <\/span>en aras de una mayor producci\u00f3n, la agronom\u00eda actual proporciona comida y veneno en el mismo pack<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Dejando de paso <\/span>ricas toxinitas que da\u00f1an toda la biosfera<\/strong><\/span>. Cada vez que ingiera nutrimentos, como dec\u00eda un antiguo amigo m\u00edo, piense que a su vez tambi\u00e9n esconden regalos envenenados Como en los roscones de Reyes, aqu\u00ed en Espa\u00f1a). \u00bfCu\u00e1nto tiempo ser\u00e1 necesario para que nuestras autoridades entiendan <\/span>que por mucho que se invierta en otros \u00e1mbitos, como la salud, el mejor remedio es la prevenci\u00f3n? \u00bfY qu\u00e9 mejor prevenci\u00f3n que investigar en otros modelos agro-productivos <\/strong>sustentables <\/strong><\/span>que nos ofrezcan alimentos saludables y no contaminados?.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Abajo os dejo la nota de prensa de ScienceDaily, as\u00ed como el resumen del art\u00edculo original en Suajili, bien claros e ilustrativos en esta ocasi\u00f3n.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Juan Jos\u00e9 Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Loss of biodiversity limits toxin degradation<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Date: <\/em><\/strong>January 16, 2014; Source: <\/em><\/strong>Wiley<\/p>\n

Summary: <\/em><\/strong>You might not think of microbes when you consider biodiversity, but it turns out that<\/strong> even a moderate loss of less than 5 percent of soil microbes may compromise some key ecosystem functions and could lead to lower degradation of toxins in the environment<\/strong><\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

You might not think of microbes when you consider biodiversity, but it turns out that even a moderate loss of less than 5% of soil microbes may compromise some key ecosystem functions and could lead to lower degradation of toxins in the environment.<\/p>\n

Research published today in the SfAM journal, Environmental Microbiology<\/em><\/strong>, reports that without a rich diversity of soil bacteria, specialized functions such as the removal of pesticide residues are not as effective<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Dr Brajesh Singh of the University of Western Sydney led the work, he said \u00abIf the ability of the ecosystem to remove toxins from the environment is reduced, there will be higher toxicity risks in the environment and for non-target organisms, including humans, from agricultural chemicals. It is likely that these contaminants will remain at higher levels in surface and underground water, as well<\/strong>. It is vital to gain a better understanding of the extent to which soil bacteria are involved in the removal of contaminants<\/strong>.\u00bb<\/p>\n

The reasons for, and extent of, the decline in microbial diversity in agricultural soils<\/strong> is likely to be complex. The team has looked specifically at long-term heavy metal pollution where metals such as cadmium, zinc, and copper <\/strong>build up in the environment, usually as a result of industrial use<\/strong>. Another source is from digested sewage sludge<\/strong>, which is spread in agriculture fields to supply nutrients to crops and improve soil fertility; the sludge has historically contained some heavy metals, which can become concentrated in the soil<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Although the concentration of heavy metal used this study was higher than the current EU limit, this study has confirmed that long-term exposure to such contaminants does reduce the diversity of bacteria in the soil<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

With the global population set to reach nine billion by 2050<\/strong>, we face a challenge to feed an extra two billion mouths using the same resources that we have at present. Crop losses to pests and disease account for a large percentage of under-production and so giving up pesticides will be difficult. Similarly, the use of sludge as a fertilizer is likely to become more prevalent<\/strong>. Research like this allows us to understand better how to use important agrichemicals and waste products in a sustainable way<\/strong> and so will contribute to future food and environmental security.<\/p>\n

Story Source<\/span>: <\/strong>The above story is based on materials<\/a> provided by Wiley<\/strong><\/a>. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.<\/em><\/p>\n

Journal Reference<\/strong><\/span>: Brajesh K. Singh, Christopher Quince, Catriona A. Macdonald, Amit Khachane, Nadine Thomas, Waleed Abu Al-Soud, S\u00f8ren J. S\u00f8rensen, Zhili He, Duncan White, Alex Sinclair, Bill Crooks, Jizhong Zhou, Colin D. Campbell. Loss of microbial diversity in soils is coincident with reductions in some specialized functions<\/strong>. Environmental Microbiology<\/em>, 2014; DOI: 10.1111\/1462-2920.12353<\/a><\/p>\n

Cite This Page<\/strong>:MLA<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>APA<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Chicago<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Wiley. \u00abLoss of biodiversity limits toxin degradation.\u00bb ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 16 January 2014. <www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2014\/01\/140116113313<\/p>\n

Related Articles: <\/strong>Biodiversity hotspot<\/a>, Deforestation<\/a>, Biodiversity<\/a>, Organic farming<\/a>, Sustainable land management<\/a>, Soil life<\/a><\/p>\n

Resumen del Art\u00edculo Original<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Loss of microbial diversity in soils is coincident with reductions in some specialized functions<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Loss of microbial diversity is considered a major threat because of its importance for ecosystem functions<\/span><\/strong>, <\/span>but there is a lack of conclusive evidence that diversity itself is reduced under anthropogenic stress, and about the consequences of diversity loss. Heavy metals<\/span><\/strong> are one of the largest, widespread pollutant types globally, and these represent a significant environmental stressor for terrestrial microbial communities. <\/span>Using combined metagenomics and functional assays, we show that the compositional and functional response of microbial communities to long-term heavy metal stress results in a significant loss of diversity<\/span><\/strong>. Our results indicate that <\/span>even at a moderate loss of diversity, some key specialized functions (carried out by specific groups) may be compromised<\/span><\/strong>. Together with previous work, our data suggest <\/span>disproportionate impact of contamination on microbes that carry out specialized, but essential, ecosystem functions<\/span><\/strong>. Based on these findings, <\/span>we propose a conceptual framework to explicitly consider diversity of functions and microbial functional groups to test the relationship between biodiversity and soil functions<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 Como es bien sabido, el suelo es un ecosistema complejo que alberga la mayor biodiversidad\u00a0de organismos\u00a0procariotas en la Tierra. Secuenciaci\u00f3n gen\u00f3mica de las microbiota de algunos suelos. Fuente PLosOne Las practicas inherentes a la agricultura industrial se encuentran causando estragos en las comunidades microbianas del suelo, tanto a nivel cualitativo como cuantitativo. Entre otras razones cabe se\u00f1alar que los agroqu\u00edmicos y las aguas residuales no depuradas utilizadas para el riesgo se encuentran cargadas de toxinas, como lo son los metales pesados entre otras \u00a0(por ejemplo, cadmio, zinc y cobre). Los resultados de la investigaci\u00f3n que os mostramos hoy \u00a0constatan\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[596,594,586,613,587],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146572"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=146572"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":147711,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146572\/revisions\/147711"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=146572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=146572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=146572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}