{"id":148230,"date":"2017-05-22T15:32:31","date_gmt":"2017-05-22T14:32:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/?p=148230"},"modified":"2017-05-22T15:32:31","modified_gmt":"2017-05-22T14:32:31","slug":"atlas-global-de-la-biodiversidad-de-los-suelos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/2017\/05\/22\/148230","title":{"rendered":"Atlas Global de la Biodiversidad de los Suelos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ngg-singlepic ngg-center aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/42\/files\/189\/atlas-global-bidodiversidad-de-suelos.jpg\" alt=\"atlas-global-bidodiversidad-de-suelos\" width=\"474\" height=\"588\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Como ya os hemos comentado en numerosas ocasiones<\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">, <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">la biodiversidad del suelo resulta ser la menos conocida entre las que albergan la superficie emergida de los continentes<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. A pesar de todo, la Uni\u00f3n Europea acaba de editar un atlas mundial sobre la misma, que ser\u00e1 de inter\u00e9s para muchos de vosotros. La monograf\u00eda rica en figuras\/fotos y muy bien estructurada en lo que respecta a sus contenidos,\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>ofrece una panor\u00e1mica que no deja de ser la punta del iceberg de ese universo invisible que tenemos bajo nuestros pies<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. Sin embargo, cabe <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">advertiros que<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">, como aun sabemos muy poco sobre la inmensa biodiversidad que alberga el medio ed\u00e1fico, <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">las cifras y muchas conclusiones deben considerarse como una s\u00edntesis de lo poco que sabemos, m\u00e1s que como conocimiento cient\u00edfico corroborado<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Del mismo modo, <\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>en la publicidad de este nuevo Atlas<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> puede leerse: <\/span><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cEste Atlas contribuye a juntar los conocimientos previamente existentes, aunque de otra forma fragmentada en la bibliograf\u00eda acerca de la biodiversidad del suelo. Gracias a ello, se convertir\u00e1 en un documento relevante que nos ayudar\u00e1 a preservar el suelo<\/span><\/em><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201d. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u00bfMi opini\u00f3n?: frases grandilocuentes que esconden nuestra supina ignorancia, en parte por la dificultad del tema y en parte por la falta de financiaci\u00f3n y la escasez de expertos<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. De hecho, <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">los tax\u00f3nomos que trabajan sobre este tema se extinguen m\u00e1s r\u00e1pidamente que los propios organismos<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">, mientras\u00a0nuestras autoridades consideren err\u00f3neamente que el tema no\u00a0 resulta ser lo suficientemente relevante como para rejuvenecer las plantillas. Por mucho que se insista en defender las aproximaciones gen\u00f3micas, y sin negar, ni mucho menos\u00a0\u00a0su utilidad, \u00e9stas aun no pueden reemplazar a la taxonom\u00eda cl\u00e1sica. Y como bot\u00f3n de muestra una frase que os he reiterado hasta la saciedad en la bit\u00e1cora: <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u201c<\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">no existe ni un solo lugar de la tierra<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">en donde se haya intentado estimar la diversidad de todos los organismos que alberga un tipo de\u00a0suelo<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201d. \u00bfC\u00f3mo podemos entonces argumentar que se trata de una informaci\u00f3n de gran calado?. Francamente no lo es. Simplemente, seg\u00fan \u201calgunos expertos\u201d, que son los que han colaborado en la obra, el Atlas nos informar\u00e1 de la biodiversidad del suelo a nivel global, cuando en realidad, <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">compila lo que algunos cient\u00edficos han considerado subjetivamente m\u00e1s relevante, soslayando un masivo y adecuado an\u00e1lisis bibliogr\u00e1fico<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. Pero sobre este tema ya os informar\u00e9 en otro post, ya que es una materia que me preocupa personalmente. Por todo ello, puedo afirmar que <\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>es rotundamente falso que, como se cita en el marketing de los sitios web de donde se puede bajar la bibliograf\u00eda<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">: \u201c<\/span><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\">expertos en biodiversidad del suelo de todo el mundo han contribuido al proyecto destinado a la creaci\u00f3n de una publicaci\u00f3n de referencia, no s\u00f3lo para los investigadores de la biodiversidad del suelo, sino tambi\u00e9n a los responsables pol\u00edticos y el p\u00fablico en general<\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201d. <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Expertos de todo el mundo no equivale a decir \u201clos mejores expertos del mundo\u201d, sino aquellos escogidos<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">, como suele ser frecuente en este tipo de publicaciones, por otro grupo a\u00fan m\u00e1s exiguo de elegidos (a dedo, por supuesto), <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">en funci\u00f3n de sus amistades e intereses de diversa \u00edndole<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>A pesar de todo ello, es importante atesorar tal obra ya \u00a0que siempre encontrareis informaci\u00f3n de inter\u00e9s<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. \u00a0\u00a0Como ver\u00e9is m\u00e1s abajo, lamentablemente, hasta la fecha, tan solo se dispone de las versiones en ingl\u00e9s y franc\u00e9s, pero no en espa\u00f1ol. \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>El Atlas se encuentra dividido en 8 cap\u00edtulos<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> que pretender abarcar <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">todos los aspectos de la diversidad biol\u00f3gica del suelo, obviamente sin conmseguirlo<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211;<span style=\"color: #800000;\"> Cap\u00edtulo I: El h\u00e1bitat del suelo<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em>&#8211; Cap\u00edtulo II: Diversidad de organismos del suelo<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em>&#8211; Cap\u00edtulo III: Distribuci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica y temporal<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em>&#8211; Cap\u00edtulo IV: funciones y servicios de los ecosistemas<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em>&#8211; Cap\u00edtulo V: Amenazas<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em>&#8211; Cap\u00edtulo VI: Intervenciones<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em>&#8211; Cap\u00edtulo VII: Pol\u00edtica, educaci\u00f3n y divulgaci\u00f3n<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em>&#8211; Cap\u00edtulo VIII: Conclusiones<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em>Seguidamente os dejo\u00a0 informaci\u00f3n sobre este Atlas as\u00ed como diversos sitios Web de donde puede bajarse. El enlace principal os lo dejo en primer lugar, advirtiendo que\u2026\u2026.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Juan Jos\u00e9 Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Seguidamente os dejo\u00a0 informaci\u00f3n sobre este Atlas, as\u00ed como diversos sitios Web de donde puede bajarse. <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">El enlace principal, os lo dejo en primer lugar, no sin antes recordar que, para bajar el Atlas existen dos versiones\/posibilidades<\/span>: <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">(i)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> acceder a un documento de baja resoluci\u00f3n al que se puede acceder con relativa rapidez, y <\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>(ii)<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> obtener a otro de mayor calidad\/resoluci\u00f3n, que como corolario, resulta ser bastante m\u00e1s pesado y que demanda mucho tiempo para que llegue a hospedarse en vuestros ordenadores, si no dispon\u00e9is de una banda ancha potente.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em>Acceder directamente al Atlas\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/public_path\/shared_folder\/Atlases\/JRC_global_soilbio_atlas.pdf\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">http:\/\/esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/public_path\/shared_folder\/Atlases\/JRC_global_soilbio_atlas.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>New atlas illustrates global soil biodiversity and threats to soil organisms<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<strong>The JRC publishes the first-ever Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas that maps the soil biodiversity of the entire planet. This unique Atlas pays tribute to soil \u2013\u00a0 the silent engine that keeps the planet alive \u2013 by providing a detailed analysis of soil organisms and the threats to soil biodiversity at global scale.\u00a0 The Atlas will be launched by the JRC at the 2nd UN Environment Assembly (UNEA) in Nairobi on 25 May.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tibor Navracsics, European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Youth and Sport, responsible for the JRC said: \u00ab<em>This Atlas contributes to putting together otherwise fragmented knowledge on soil biodiversity. Thanks to the rich scientific evidence, it will become a loud voice helping to preserve soil\u00bb. <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Commissioner Karmenu Vella, responsible for Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries added: \u00ab<em>The Atlas makes a major contribution to the EU Biodiversity Strategy, which targets halting the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the EU by 2020, and the goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development on sustainable food production and fighting land degradation. Last but not least it also contributes to the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative<\/em>\u00ab.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Atlas describes soil as habitat for the diversity of organisms that live under our feet. At the same time, it draws attention to the threats to soil biodiversity, such as invasive species, pollution, intensive land use practices or climate change. The Atlas provides current solutions for a sustainable management of soils.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It was coordinated by the JRC and the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsoilbiodiversity.org\/\">www.globalsoilbiodiversity.org<\/a>) with more than 70 contributing organisations and several hundred individual contributions. It illustrates the diversity of soil organisms, explains their geographical and temporal distribution, the ecosystem functions and services provided by soil biota. Most importantly, it draws attention to the myriad of threats to soil biodiversity. These include inappropriate land management practices (e.g. deforestation, land take for infrastructure development), agricultural systems, over-grazing, forest fires and poor water management (both irrigation and drainage). Other practices such as land conversion from grassland or forest to cropped land result in rapid loss of soil carbon, which indirectly enhances global warming.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Atlas shows that mismanaging soils could exacerbate the effects of climate change, jeopardise agricultural production, compromise the quality of ground water and worsen pollution. It also proposes solutions to safeguard soil biodiversity through the development of policies that directly or indirectly target soil health, leading to a more sustainable use.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Partners<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In addition to the JRC, which led the European Commission\u2019s contribution, the Editorial Board of the atlas comprised the University of Manchester, the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research &#8211; World Agroforestry Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, University of Vigo, Institute of Research for the Development France, Wageningen University, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, London Natural History Museum, University of Colorado, University of Reading, Lund University, Harper Adams University, Northern Arizona University, University of Hohenheim, Yokohama National University, Pierre and Marie Curie University, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, University of Lavras, University of G\u00f6ttingen, University of Western Sydney, and Colorado State University.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Soil: a fundamental element for food and life<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Global food security is dependent on life found beneath our feet 98% of all global daily calories derive from actions from the soil biodiversity. Crop yield and conditions for animal husbandry are dependent on soil fertility, which in turn, is conditioned by the interactions of soil-dwelling communities.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Soils provide a rich habitat, which may contain more than 10 000 species per square metre. A single gram of soil may contain millions of individual cells and thousands of species of bacteria. Soil organisms also maintain critical processes, such as carbon storage, nutrient cycling and plant species diversity and play a key role in maintaining soil fertility.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Existing policies related to soil biodiversity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>The European Commission\u2019s Soil Thematic Strategy sets out common principles for protecting soils across the EU. Globally, recent developments such as the UN climate summit in Paris, the Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Soil Partnership have highlighted an increasing realisation of the importance of soils and the life within them. Presently, no country has legislation that specifically protects soil biodiversity<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>How to obtain the atlas (como acceder y adquirir el Atlas)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Digital version of the atlas is available for free download via the <a href=\"http:\/\/esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/Atlas\">JRC<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/globalsoilbiodiversity.org\/\">GSBI<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.europa.eu\/en\/home\/\">EU Bookshop<\/a>. Printed copies can be purchased from the <a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.europa.eu\/en\/home\/\">EU Bookshop<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalsoilbiodiversity.org\/?q=node\/271\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Why is the Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas Important?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Soil biodiversity supports many services essential to human beings: plant growth, water and climate regulation, and disease control among others.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Soil biodiversity is increasingly under threats due to several pressures acting on soils.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Interventions to reduce the impact of threats to soil biodiversity are available and should be widely adopted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Policies to protect and value soil biodiversity are still at an early stage and need to be further developed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0What is the Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Atlas is divided in 8 chapters covering all the aspects of soil biodiversity:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; Chapter I: The soil habitat<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; Chapter II: Diversity of soil organisms<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; Chapter III: Geographical and temporal distribution<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; Chapter IV: Ecosystem functions and services <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; Chapter V:\u00a0 Threats<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; Chapter VI: Interventions<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; Chapter VII: Policy, education and outreach<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; Chapter VIII: Conclusions<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Soil biodiversity experts from all over the world<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> have contributed to the project aiming at the creation of a reference publication not only for soil biodiversity researchers but also policy makers and general public.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Como ya os hemos comentado en numerosas ocasiones, la biodiversidad del suelo resulta ser la menos conocida entre las que albergan la superficie emergida de los continentes. A pesar de todo, la Uni\u00f3n Europea acaba de editar un atlas mundial sobre la misma, que ser\u00e1 de inter\u00e9s para muchos de vosotros. La monograf\u00eda rica en figuras\/fotos y muy bien estructurada en lo que respecta a sus contenidos,\u00a0 ofrece una panor\u00e1mica que no deja de ser la punta del iceberg de ese universo invisible que tenemos bajo nuestros pies. Sin embargo, cabe advertiros que, como aun sabemos muy poco sobre la\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[608,586,618,615,606],"tags":[35678,46908,35679],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148230"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=148230"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":148924,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148230\/revisions\/148924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=148230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=148230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=148230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}