{"id":148254,"date":"2017-07-03T13:36:01","date_gmt":"2017-07-03T12:36:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/?p=148254"},"modified":"2017-07-03T13:36:01","modified_gmt":"2017-07-03T12:36:01","slug":"drones-y-los-apps-de-tecnologias-moviles-de-herramientas-de-conservacion-de-la-naturaleza-a-riesgo-contra-la-naturaleza-y-vida-salvaje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/2017\/07\/03\/148254","title":{"rendered":"Drones y los apps de tecnolog\u00edas m\u00f3viles: de herramientas de conservaci\u00f3n de la naturaleza a riesgo contra la naturaleza y vida salvaje"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"center\">\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ngg-singlepic ngg-center\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/42\/files\/1357\/drones-y-vida-salvaje.jpg\" alt=\"drones-y-vida-salvaje\" width=\"484\" height=\"272\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/dronelife.com\/firefighter-drones\/\">Drones y caos: Fuente: Dronelife<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Parece ser que los seres humanos no tenemos remedio. Todo lo que creamos y <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">las empresas venden, casi sin control para enriquecerse<\/span><\/strong>, terminan siendo un <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>problema<\/strong><\/span> y a menudo acarrean<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"> <strong>graves consecuencias<\/strong><\/span>. \u00a0Este es el caso, por ejemplo, de los <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Veh\u00edculo_a\u00e9reo_de_combate_no_tripulado\">Dron o drones<\/a>, que pudiendo <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>ser una herramienta muy \u00fatil con vistas al inventario y monitorizaci\u00f3n del medio ambiente, se han convertido en una seria amenaza para el mismo<\/strong><\/span>, as\u00ed como en lo concerniente a la seguridad de la aviaci\u00f3n civil. Ya sabemos del uso militar de los <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Veh\u00edculo_a\u00e9reo_de_combate_no_tripulado\">drones<\/a>, que causan tantas v\u00edctimas a los enemigos como a los inocentes, de lo que da buena cuenta la prensa general. Del mismo modo, poco antes de escribir este post, un vuelo a\u00e9reo que deb\u00eda aterrizar en un aeropuerto del Pa\u00eds Vasco tuvo graves dificultades por uno de estos avioncitos que indebidamente campaba a sus anchas en el espacio del mismo, lo cual se encuentra totalmente prohibido. \u00bfQui\u00e9n era el tonto de baba que lo guiaba desde tierra? En la propia TVE se ha advertido varias veces que <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>no se trata de juguetes que un ciudadano cualquiera pueda adquirir para divertirse<\/strong><\/span>, como si de uno de aquellos aviones teledirigidos de anta\u00f1o se tratara. De hecho, <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">ya se dispone de legislaciones por las cuales su uso se encuentra fuertemente restringido<\/span><\/strong>, debido a estas razones. Sin embargo, <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">xisten diversas v\u00edas por las cuales ciudadanos pueden adquirirlos salt\u00e1ndose los controles administrativos<\/span><\/strong>. Cuando uno teclea el palabro en un buscador de Internet, encontrar\u00e1 cientos de empresas que los comercializan, por lo que me temo que su<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"> <strong>compra por internet y env\u00edo por correo mensajero<\/strong> <strong>logre pasar inadvertido los aludidos controles aduaneros y legales<\/strong><\/span>.\u00a0 Mentemos tambi\u00e9n que de seguir as\u00ed, su uso en acciones terroristas ser\u00e1 cuesti\u00f3n de tiempo. O se controla esta industria, o desde ciudadanos timoratos a grupos terroristas <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">terminar\u00e1n por convertir esta tecnolog\u00eda en una pesadilla si las autoridades no adoptan medidas draconianas<\/span><\/strong> tanto contra\u00a0 los vendedores como a los compradores. Empero en la prensa general y cient\u00edfica se proponen una pl\u00e9tora de aplicaciones \u00abbeneficiosas\u00bb que realizar\u00e1n en el futuro. De seguir as\u00ed, o se aplica la legislaci\u00f3n, o <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">pronto se hablar\u00e1 de un nuevo tipo de contaminaci\u00f3n a\u00e9rea<\/span><\/strong>, como ya ocurre con la chatarra espacial fuera (o en las capas altas) de la atm\u00f3sfera terrestre.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Son varias las noticias acerca de sus usos prometidos por los cient\u00edficos y conservacionistas, e incluso agr\u00f3nomos en los que se\u00f1ala el gran potencial de estos artefactos con vistas al inventario y monitorizaci\u00f3n ambiental y agropecuaria<\/span><\/strong>.\u00a0 Me parece <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>una idea acertada<\/strong><\/span>, no lo duden. Pero <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>la alarma ya ha saltado<\/strong><\/span>, como ver\u00e9is en una de las noticias que os ofrecemos hoy, en la que <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>los australianos se han visto obligados a insistir en\u00a0 recomendaciones con vistas a que no perturben la vida salvaje<\/strong><\/span>. <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Pero la cosa no queda aqu\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En la segunda noticia que os ofrecemos hoy, procedente de <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>una Reserva Natural de Sud\u00e1frica, nos informa de que los gestores del parque se encuentran aterrorizados por el uso de las aplicaciones para m\u00f3viles entre los turistas<\/strong> <\/span>que viajan a tan bello lugar \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.africadaily.net\/reports\/Wildlife_phone_apps_cause_chaos_in_SAfricas_Kruger_Park_999.html\">Wildlife phone apps cause chaos in S.Africa&#8217;s Kruger Park<\/a>\u201c, ya que <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>el comportamiento de los ciudadanos \u00bfamantes de la naturaleza? Han cambiado sus h\u00e1bitos comenzando a romper las normas de la reserva, para obtener im\u00e1genes y pel\u00edculas que <\/strong><\/span>mostrar a sus amistades, como si al volver de un placentero y c\u00f3modo viaje guiado, pareciera que han llevado a cabo un\u00a0 genuino viaje de aventuras al estilo de Indiana Jones. De hecho, se piensan tomar medidas para la restricci\u00f3n de estas aplicaciones m\u00f3viles, por cuanto en lugar de turistas nos asemejamos m\u00e1s a tribus urbanas que aterrorizan a sus vecinos \u201csalvajes\u201d. <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Son muchas las personas que se lamentan de no poder disfrutar de ciertos espacios naturales protegidos. Al parecer, no acabamos de entender que se trata de eso: \u201cespacios naturales protegidos<\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2026\u2026.\u201d<\/span>,<\/strong> y por algo ser\u00e1. La <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">falta de educaci\u00f3n y<\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">civismo alcanza a aquellos privilegiados que pueden disfrutar de<\/span><\/strong> paisajes hermosos y repletos de una bulliciosa vida salvaje en otros continentes, lo que dice muy poco de sus h\u00e1bitos y cultura personales. No nos extra\u00f1emos que en pocos a\u00f1os nos cacheen al intentar acceder a una reserva natural, nos quiten temporalmente los m\u00f3viles y todo tipo de instrumentos tecnol\u00f3gicos. De hecho, con una m\u00e1quina de fotograf\u00eda o video convencionales, resulta m\u00e1s que suficiente e igualmente gratificante. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>Parecemos v\u00e1ndalos que no seres humanos civilizados<\/strong><\/span>. Luego no nos lamentemos, ya que somos nosotros los que nos ganamos a pulso que se propicien medidas muy dr\u00e1sticas ante este tipo de <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u00bfturismo ecol\u00f3gico-vand\u00e1lico?<\/span><\/strong>. Abajo os muestro tambi\u00e9n tales noticias.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Juan Jos\u00e9 Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em>Contin\u00faa&#8230;&#8230;.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.spacewar.com\/reports\/Call_to_minimize_drone_impact_on_wildlife_999.html\"><strong>Call to minimize drone impact on wildlife<\/strong><\/a><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>by Staff Writers; Adelaide, Australia (SPX) May 24, 2016<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>University of Adelaide<\/strong> environmental researchers have called for a &#8216;code of best practice&#8217; in using unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) for wildlife monitoring and protection, and other biological field research.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The researchers, from the University&#8217;s Unmanned Research Aircraft Facility (URAF) or Adelaide <strong>Drone Hub, say that drones are a useful tool for field research and their use is growing in popularity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>But, they warn in a report<\/strong> published in the Cell Press journal Current Biology, this new technology could <strong>also have undesirable and unforeseen impacts on wildlife and there is currently little understanding of the risks<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The report authors are Jarrod Hodgson, researcher and PhD candidate in the URAF, and Associate Professor Lian Pin Koh, Director of URAF and a global pioneer in the use of drones for conservation as founding director of the not-for-profit organisation Conservation Drones.org.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00ab<strong>Even though an animal might not appear to be disturbed, it could be quite stressed &#8211; for example<\/strong>, a bird may choose to remain near a UAV even when stressed because it is incubating an egg or protecting its hatchling,\u00bb says Mr Hodgson.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00ab<strong>It is likely that animal responses vary depending on a variety of factors including the species, environmental and historical context, as well as the type of UAV and its method of operation<\/strong>.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mr Hodgson says that considering the growing popularity of UAVs as a tool among field biologists, and the potential for negative impacts on wildlife, steps <strong>need to be taken to minimise and manage the risk<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00ab<strong>A code of best practice will allow informed use of UAVs, while mitigating or alleviating potential wildlife disturbance<\/strong>,\u00bb he says.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mr Hodgson and Associate Professor Koh provide a suite of recommendations as the basis for such a code of best practice for using drones in the vicinity of animals and\/or for the purpose of animal research.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">They consider this code should be a first and guiding step in the development of species specific protocols to reduce potential disturbance to wildlife.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Their recommendations cover<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">+ adopting a precautionary principle in lieu of evidence<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">+ utilising institutional animal ethics processes to provide oversight<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">+ complying with civil aviation regulations; regular maintenance and training<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">+ selecting appropriate UAVs for the job<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">+ exercising minimum wildlife disturbance flight practices, and ceasing operations if they are disruptive<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">+ publishing detailed reports of methods and results<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00abIn a time of unprecedented change, such techniques will assist in understanding, managing and conserving our planet&#8217;s biodiversity; and maximise the potential of UAVs as a powerful, low impact ecological survey tool,\u00bb Mr Hodgson says.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.africadaily.net\/reports\/Wildlife_phone_apps_cause_chaos_in_SAfricas_Kruger_Park_999.html\"><strong>Wildlife phone apps cause chaos in S.Africa&#8217;s Kruger Park<\/strong><\/a><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>by Staff Writers<br \/>\nJohannesburg (AFP) June 8, 2016<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mobile telephone apps that track wildlife sightings in South Africa&#8217;s Kruger Park have caused a rise in road rage, roadkills and speeding as tourists rush to animal sightings, officials said Wednesday.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">South African National Parks (SANParks) said it was exploring how to restrict use of the apps, saying that they \u00abinduce an unhealthy sense of eagerness for visitors to break the rules\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The apps share information between tourists on where elephants, lions, leopards and other animals have been spotted, allowing other users to drive quickly to the scene.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">SANParks said that the apps \u00ab<strong>resulted in an increased rate of lawlessness in the Parks including speeding, congestion at sightings as well as road kills caused by guests rushing to and congregating around these sightings<\/strong>.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It <strong>said scores of visitors had complained that the apps ruined the experience of exploring the park and searching for wild animals living undisturbed in the bush<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00abWe are exploring legal mechanisms to curtail the use of sightings apps,\u00bb SANParks tourism executive Hapiloe Sello said.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kruger Park, which borders on Zimbabwe and Mozambique, is home to about 1,500 lions, 12,000 elephants, 2,500 buffalo, 1,000 leopards and 5,000 rhinos as well as giraffe, zebra and antelope.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Poachers kill several hundred rhinos each year in the park for the supposed medicinal value of their horns.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.spacewar.com\/reports\/Pentagon_Buys_Safe_Solution_for_Zapping_Drones_Out_of_the_Sky_999.html\"><strong>Pentagon Buys &#8216;Safe Solution&#8217; for Zapping Drones Out of the Sky<\/strong><\/a><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>by Staff Writers<br \/>\nMoscow (Sputnik) May 20, 2016<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>It&#8217;s the latest in high-tech anti-drone technology, and both the Pentagon and US Homeland Security are on board. As recreational drones become increasingly common, multiple government agencies are struggling to ascertain the best way to deal with security threats posed by the aircraft<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">High profile <strong>incidents like<\/strong> the series of mysterious UAV-sightings across Paris last year have shown how inept law enforcement is at dealing with such issues. Science and technology company Battelle has designed a new way to defend against errant UAVs. Dubbed the \u00abDroneDefender,\u00bb the device is essentially a portable frequency jammer fitted to a rifle-like frame for ease of use.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00abIt&#8217;s a portable solution to stop portable drones,\u00bb Rich Granger, business development director for Mission and Defense Technologies with Battelle, said during the Navy League 2016 Sea-Air-Space Exposition on Monday. Weighing roughly 15 pounds and powered by a 10-pound backpack, the device has two options for taking down a drone at ranges of up to 400 meters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The first option, a \u00abcommand and control\u00bb trigger, disrupts the remote control connection between a UAV and its user. The second option shuts down the drone&#8217;s GPS links. While the cost for individual units is unannounced, 100 DroneDefenders have already been purchased by the Pentagon and the US Department of Homeland Security.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The devices will likely be used at military facilities.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A number of companies are working on solutions for the drone problem. Italian aerospace company Selex has developed a system known as Falcon Shield, which combines radar, cameras, and microphones to detect, identify, track, and shoot down UAVs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00abFalcon Shield makes use of Selex ES&#8217;s high-performance, passive electro-optical and electronic surveillance sensors, combined with scenario specific radar,\u00bb the company website reads.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00abThese provide a fully integrated threat detection, identification and tracking capability which enables Falcon Shield to operate in environments that range from wide area to high-clutter &#8216;urban canyons.'\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Battelle&#8217;s device, however, offers a portable alternative that can deployed more readily, without relying on a coordinated network.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Drones y caos: Fuente: Dronelife Parece ser que los seres humanos no tenemos remedio. Todo lo que creamos y las empresas venden, casi sin control para enriquecerse, terminan siendo un problema y a menudo acarrean graves consecuencias. \u00a0Este es el caso, por ejemplo, de los Dron o drones, que pudiendo ser una herramienta muy \u00fatil con vistas al inventario y monitorizaci\u00f3n del medio ambiente, se han convertido en una seria amenaza para el mismo, as\u00ed como en lo concerniente a la seguridad de la aviaci\u00f3n civil. Ya sabemos del uso militar de los drones, que causan tantas v\u00edctimas a\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[618,1,615,606],"tags":[47889,47500,47034,20667,47890],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148254"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=148254"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":149074,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148254\/revisions\/149074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=148254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=148254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=148254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}