{"id":92393,"date":"2008-05-20T10:31:00","date_gmt":"2008-05-20T10:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/\/universo\/archive\/2008\/05\/20\/92393.aspx"},"modified":"2010-01-22T03:47:40","modified_gmt":"2010-01-22T02:47:40","slug":"agricultura-sin-labranza-y-convencional-su-contribucion-al-secuestro-de-carbono","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/2008\/05\/20\/92393","title":{"rendered":"Agricultura sin Labranza y Convencional: Su Contribuci\u00f3n al Secuestro de Carbono"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">Las modas en ciencia resultan ser a menudo muy perniciosas, incluso cuando<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\"> ciertas iniciativas <\/SPAN><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">pudieran parecer m\u00e1s que razonables<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\"> en primera instancia. El otro d\u00eda habl\u00e1bamos a cerca de l<A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/universo\/archive\/2008\/05\/08\/91293.aspx\"><FONT color=#800080>a reforestaci\u00f3n de cadenas monta\u00f1osas erosionadas con vistas al secuestro de carbono<\/FONT><\/A>, observando que <\/SPAN><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">su potencial para tales fines era m\u00e1s que limitado<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">. El problema reside en que con <\/SPAN><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">preocupante frecuencia, muchas de las propuestas que se proponen no son testadas adecuadamente antes de considerarse como ciertas<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">. Las empresas suelen lanzarse a <\/SPAN><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">comercializarlas, sin el debido rigor, acudiendo a estudios sesgados<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">, que a menudo son financiadas por ellas mismas. Tal actitud debe considerarse una <\/SPAN><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">mala praxis cient\u00edfica<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">. Sin embargo, a menudo <\/SPAN><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">tambi\u00e9n los propios cient\u00edficos abundan en la confusi\u00f3n<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">, incluso en las revistas cient\u00edficas de prestigio. <\/SPAN><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">Finalmente, la prensa y los pol\u00edticos<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\"> se contagian de tales \u201cfilias\u201d y <\/SPAN><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">rematan la faena<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">. Este es el caso, al parecer de <\/SPAN><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">las \u201cpresuntas\u201d bondades de la agricultura sin labranza respecto a la convencional<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">, al menos <\/SPAN><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">en lo que concierne al secuestro de carbono<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\"> (aunque tambi\u00e9n para otros prop\u00f3sitos, como veremos seguidamente). <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\"><o:p>&nbsp;<IMG style=\"WIDTH: 403px; HEIGHT: 276px\" height=339 src=\"\/blogs\/universo\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/42\/files\/164\/o_Laboreo%20en%20acci%C3%B3n.PNG\" width=521><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\"><A href=\"http:\/\/www.guije.com\/tarjetas\/arado\/index.htm\"><FONT color=#800080>Labranza tradicional en Cuba<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN class=MsoHyperlink><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\"><A href=\"http:\/\/www.guije.com\/tarjetas\/arado\/index.htm\"><FONT color=#800080>Fuente: Guije.com <\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P><!--more--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">En nuestra categor\u00eda: <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/universo\/category\/399.aspx\"><font color=\"#800080\">Biomasa y Necromasa en los Suelos: Ra\u00edces y Materia Org\u00e1nica <\/font><\/a>hemos reiterado hasta la saciedad que cu<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">ando se analiza el papel del medio ed\u00e1fico, a la hora de analizar si una determinada gesti\u00f3n del mismo reporta servicios ambientales deseables, debemos conocer que ocurre en su conjunto, no muestreando tan s\u00f3lo los cm. superficiales<\/span><\/b>. Ya vimos lo que ocurri\u00f3 en el post enlazado arriba sobre el rol de la reforestaci\u00f3n. Pues lo mismo <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">vamos a demostrar sobre los \u201csupuestos\u201d beneficios de la agricultura sin labranza a la hora de secuestrar carbono<\/span><\/b>. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">Debemos dejar bien claro que l<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">a agricultura sin labranza atesora virtudes que no pueden ni deben desde\u00f1arse<\/span><\/b>, tanto en lo que concierne al propio ecosistema suelo, como al ahorro de recursos h\u00eddricos, etc. Sin embargo \u201c<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">no es oro todo lo que reluce<\/span><\/b>\u201d. <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">Se ha dado por supuesto<\/span><\/b> (y no se porqu\u00e9 extra\u00f1a raz\u00f3n) <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">que tal pr\u00e1ctica sin laboreo secuestra m\u00e1s carbono que el laboreo convencional. \u00bfEs as\u00ed? \u00a1Pues va a ser que no!<\/span><\/b>, como lo ha demostrado <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">Lal <\/span><\/b>(experto reconocido mundialmente por sus estudios sobre la relaci\u00f3n entre los suelos y el cambio clim\u00e1tico) y <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">Humberto Blanco<\/span><\/b>. Al final del post ver\u00e9is unos res\u00famenes del reciente estudio firmado por ambos edaf\u00f3logos, del que se han hecho eco tanto <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">Terradaily<\/span><\/b> como <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">Sciencedaily<\/span><\/b> en las siguientes noticias: <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Terradaily:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.terradaily.com\/reports\/Finding_The_Real_Potential_Of_No_Till_Farming_For_Sequestering_Carbon_999.html\"><font color=\"#800080\">Finding The Real Potential Of No-Till Farming For Sequestering Carbon<o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Sciencedaily<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\" lang=\"EN-GB\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/05\/080506103032.htm\"><span style=\"\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><font color=\"#800080\">Finding The Real Potential Of No-till Farming For Sequestering Carbon<\/font><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>(\u2026.) y que fue <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">previamente publicado por<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> la Revista de la Sociedad Norteamericana de las Ciencias del Suelo. Los autores demuestran que <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">incluso puede ocurrir en ciertas circunstancias que los suelos labrados secuestren m\u00e1s carbono que los sometidos a las pr\u00e1cticas de laboreo m\u00ednimo o nulo<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">. Como alegan acertadamente Banco y Lal, <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">si se ha venido considerando como \u201cverdad cient\u00edfica\u201d lo contrario, se ha debido a la pertinaz cabezoner\u00eda de muchos colegas en muestrear tan solo, los cm. superficiales<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">. Y yo me pregunto: \u00a1que debe hacerse para que no contin\u00faen por un camino tan descarriado!. Efectivamente, si solo se muestren los cm. superficiales se demuestra que el laboreo sin labranza secuestra m\u00e1s CO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> en los cm. superficiales, claro est\u00e1. Ahora bien, <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">cuando estos autores estudiaron los primeros 60 cm. se toparon con que los datos desment\u00edan que la no labranza sea mejor que la convencional a la hora de secuestrar carbono, ya que<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> con la profundidad los patrones se invierten en muchos casos. <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">Todo depende del tipo de suelo y la historia previa de su gesti\u00f3n<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">. <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 404px; height: 269px;\" src=\"\/blogs\/universo\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/42\/files\/164\/o_Laboreo%20sin%20Labranza%20en%20Zimbague.%20png.png\" height=\"432\" width=\"549\"><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><a href=\"http:\/\/forgottenvoices.org\/home\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=89&amp;Itemid=98\"><font color=\"#800080\">Laboreo sin labranza en Zimbabwe<\/font><\/a><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><a href=\"http:\/\/forgottenvoices.org\/home\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=89&amp;Itemid=98\"><font color=\"#800080\">Fuente Ryans blog<\/font><\/a><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">Los estudios fueron realizados en<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> el medio oeste de USA, es decir en el denominado cintur\u00f3n del ma\u00edz, bajo las mismas condiciones ambientales y una<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> rotaci\u00f3n de cultivos ma\u00edz-soja<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">. Unas <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">parcelas<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> se sometieron a <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">agricultura sin labranza<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">, mientras las otras se gestionaban con el l<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">aboreo convencional<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">. Ya a 10 cm. de profundidad, las segundas comenzaban a atesorar (frecuentemente) m\u00e1s carbono org\u00e1nico que las primeras. Los autores consideran que <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">tal hecho puede ser debido a dos causas no mutuamente excluyentes: (i)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> la incorporaci\u00f3n de materia org\u00e1nica en profundidad, que de este modo se mineraliza m\u00e1s lentamente, humific\u00e1ndose tambi\u00e9n en condiciones menos vinculadas al clima a\u00e9reo, <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">y\/o (ii)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> a un mayor desarrollo en profundidad de los sistemas radicales de las plantas bajo laboreo convencional. Finalmente, <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">recomiendan (como lo he hecho yo) que no se extraigan conclusiones si no se muestrean los perfiles hasta dos metros de profundidad (y yo a\u00f1adir\u00eda: \u201ccoimo m\u00ednimo\u201d), y teniendo presente el tipo de suelo concreto de que se trate<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">. Sin embargo, la literatura est\u00e1 repleta de estudios que solo analizan los cm. superficiales (siendo raros los que lo hacen debidamente), como en este ejemplo: \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/digital.csic.es\/handle\/10261\/2183\"><font color=\"#800080\">Efecto de la cero labranza sobre algunas actividades biol\u00f3gicas en un alfisol del sur de Chile<\/font><\/a>\u201d. Reiteramos que la mayor\u00eda de los art\u00edculos publicados en revistas indexadas son de esta guisa. Sinceramente, <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">no hay excusa para seguir publicado bajo tales protocolos cuando se ha demostrado que \u201cno sirven m\u00e1s que para confundir\u201d<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">. <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Pero la gravedad del problema va m\u00e1s all\u00e1. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 402px; height: 251px;\" src=\"\/blogs\/universo\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/42\/files\/164\/o_Laboreo%20sin%20labranza.PNG\" height=\"247\" width=\"386\"><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><a href=\"http:\/\/narc.naro.affrc.go.jp\/narc-e\/page5\/p5.html\"><font color=\"#800080\">Laboreo sin labranza<\/font><\/a><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">Hace unos meses<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> enviamos en mencionado <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">art\u00edculo de reforestaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> a una revista indexada. <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">El editor lo ley\u00f3, y sin consultar con revisor alguno, rechaz\u00f3 el manuscrito indignado<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> anteponiendo todo tipo de argumentos falaces (en menos de una semana obtuvimos su airada respuesta). \u00bfPor qu\u00e9? <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">Posiblemente, debido a que \u00e9l incurriera en el mismo procedimiento que denunciamos aqu\u00ed. \u00bfPodemos denominar a esta actitud revisi\u00f3n por iguales?<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> Ustedes opinar\u00e1n. Pero hay m\u00e1s.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">Como ya comentamos en otros post, l<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">a Comunidad Aut\u00f3noma de Castilla y Le\u00f3n sufre: una enorme plaga de topillos que <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>est\u00e1n afectando a las producciones agr\u00edcolas. Resulta que<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> una buena parte del territorio afectado fue reconvertido a <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">agricultura sin labranza o de laboreo m\u00ednimo<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> hace a\u00f1os (como las modas y los cient\u00edficos recomendaban). Pues bien, <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">gracias a ello y el uso del riego, los topillos, cuyo h\u00e1bitat natural eran<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> las sierras,<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> encontraron un nicho ecol\u00f3gico vac\u00edo y repleto de exuberante y rico alimento<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">. En consecuencia las autoridades regionales<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> no han tenido m\u00e1s remedio que dar marcha atr\u00e1s y comenzar un laboreo profundo con vistas a destruir sus madrigueras e<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> intentar erradicar la plaga. <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span>Estos son los post que abordan el problema:<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/universo\/archive\/2007\/12\/19\/81147.aspx\"><font color=\"#0000a0\">Los Suelos de las Cunetas y Lindes de Carreteras (Vegetaci\u00f3n, Contaminaci\u00f3n, Plagas de Topillos y Comunidades de Vertebrados)<\/font><\/a><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/universo\/archive\/2007\/12\/25\/81303.aspx\"><font color=\"#0000a0\">La Plaga del Topillo en Castilla y Le\u00f3n: Materia para la Reflexi\u00f3n<\/font><\/a><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">Por mucho que se empecinen pol\u00edticos y revistas indexadas, las nuevas tecnolog\u00edas deben contar con<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> los determinantes ambientales de cada lugar. <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">Como suele decirse: \u201cdebemos pensar globalmente pero actuar localmente\u201d. Sin embargo, vamos por el camino opuesto<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">. Mal asunto. Y lo peor es que, hoy por hoy, <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">no parece que el horizonte vaya a cambiar<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">. No ser\u00eda descabellado que la sociolog\u00eda de la ciencia analizara este tipo de comportamientos \u201cobjetivos\u201d de algunos colegas, <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">m\u00e1s obsesionados en \u201ccolar papers\u201d que en realizar buena ciencia<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">. Os dejo pues con los res\u00famenes de <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">Terradaily<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"> y <\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">Sciencedaily<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><b><span style=\"color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\">Juan Jos\u00e9 Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez <span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: green; font-family: Arial;\">Terradaily Finding T<\/span><\/b><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: green; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">he Real Potential Of No-Till Farming For Sequestering Carbon<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: green; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">by Staff Writers 15 de may<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/><\/span><st1:place><st1:city><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Washington<\/span><\/st1:city><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><st1:state><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">DC<\/span><\/st1:state><\/st1:place><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> (SPX) <\/span><st1:date month=\"5\" day=\"14\" year=\"2008\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">May 14, 2008<\/span><\/st1:date><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">The potential of no-tillage (NT)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">soils for increasing the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool must be critically and objectively assessed. Most of the previous studies about SOC accrual in NT soils have primarily focused on the surface layer (&lt;20-cm soil depth)<\/span><\/b>, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">and not for the whole soil profile. The lack of adequate data on the SOC profile is a hindrance to conclusively ascertain the effects of NT farming on SOC sequestration and off-setting CO2 emissions<\/span><\/b>. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Humberto Blanco and Rattan Lal<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> at The Ohio State University <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">have investigated the impacts of long-term NT-based cropping systems on SOC sequestration on a regional scale in the eastern <\/span><\/b><\/span><st1:place><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Corn Belt<\/span><\/b><\/st1:place><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> region under the <\/span><\/b><st1:place><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Midwest<\/span><\/b><\/st1:place><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> Regional Carbon Sequestration<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> Partnership (MRCSP) initiative funded by the U.S. Department of Energy&#8217;s Carbon Sequestration Program. For this particular study, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">they measured the SOC pool for the 0- to 60-cm soil depth under paired NT and plow tillage (PT) based cropping systems across 11 soils<\/span><\/b> in <\/span><st1:state><st1:place><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Kentucky<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:state><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">, <\/span><st1:state><st1:place><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Ohio<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:state><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">, and <\/span><st1:state><st1:place><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Pennsylvania<\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:state><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> during spring 2007.<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\"> The paired on-farm fields were sited on a similar soil and slope and under similar cropping systems<\/span><\/b> with corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) as the dominant rotation.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">The results of this regional study, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: green;\">published in the May-June 2008 issue of Soil Science Society of <\/span><\/b><\/span><st1:country-region><st1:place><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: green; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">America<\/span><\/b><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: green; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> Journal<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">revealed that NT farming impacts on SOC sequestration depended on soil type and sampling depth<\/span><\/b>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">The SOC pools in NT exceeded those of PT in five out of 11 soils, but only within the surface layer (0- to 10-cm depth). Below the 10-cm depth, NT soils had equal to or even lower SOC than PT soils<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">. <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">The total SOC pool to 60-cm depth in NT was similar to those of PT soils<\/span><\/b>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">In some cases, the total SOC pool in PT soil was about 30% higher than in NT soils. The higher SOC pool under PT fields may be attributed to incorporation of crop residues in the subsoil and deeper root growth<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">. Because the data for this study were obtained under on-farm conditions, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">results may be influenced by differences in soil profile, land use history, and cropping intensity<\/span><\/b>. <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">The data from the 11 soils show that NT farming increases SOC concentration in the upper layers of some soils but does not store SOC more than PT soils for the entire soil profile<\/span><\/b>. Blanco and Lal stated, \u00ab<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: green;\">if the SOC pool was measured only within the surface soil (&lt;20 cm), the data could have led to completely different conclusions<\/span><\/b>.\u00bb <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: green; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Therefore, the authors strongly recommend that \u00abfuture studies in SOC sequestration must be done by analyzing the soil profile to about 2-m depth rather than the surface layer only<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">.\u00bb<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Blanco and Lal also indicated that \u00abNT technology offers innumerable benefits to soil and water conservation, but its potential benefits for sequestering SOC <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">on the basis of the data on surface layer only <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">must not be generalized to all soils<\/span><\/b>.\u00bb This project is an ongoing research activity at The Ohio State University and among its next goals is to further scrutinize the potential of NT systems for sequestering SOC across a wide range of soils, topographic, and climatic conditions of the eastern U.S. Corn Belt. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: green; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">ScienceDaily (May 7, 2008)<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> \u2014 <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">The potential of no-tillage (NT) soils for increasing the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool must be critically and objectively assessed. Most of the previous studies about SOC accrual in NT soils have primarily focused on the surface layer<\/span><\/b> (&lt;20-cm soil depth), a<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">nd not for the whole soil profile. The lack of adequate data on the SOC profile is a hindrance to conclusively ascertain the effects of NT farming on SOC sequestration and off-setting CO2 emissions<\/span><\/b>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/p>\n<hr align=\"center\" size=\"1\" width=\"100%\"> <\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Humberto Blanco and Rattan Lal <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">at The Ohio State University have investigated the impacts of long-term NT-based cropping systems on SOC sequestration on a regional scale in the eastern <\/span><st1:place><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Corn Belt<\/span><\/st1:place><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> region under the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) initiative funded by the U.S. Department of Energy\u2019s Carbon Sequestration Program. For this particular study, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">they measured the SOC pool for the 0- to 60-cm soil depth under paired NT and plow tillage (PT) based cropping systems across 11 soils in <\/span><\/b><\/span><st1:state><st1:place><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Kentucky<\/span><\/b><\/st1:place><\/st1:state><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">, <\/span><st1:state><st1:place><b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Ohio<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/st1:place><\/st1:state><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">, and <\/span><\/b><st1:state><st1:place><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Pennsylvania<\/span><\/b><\/st1:place><\/st1:state><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> during spring 2007. The paired on-farm fields were sited on a similar soil and slope and under similar cropping systems with corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) as the dominant rotation.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">The results of this regional study,<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\"> published in the May-June 2008 issue of Soil Science Society of <\/span><\/b><\/span><st1:country-region><st1:place><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">America<\/span><\/b><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> Journal<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">, <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 153, 102);\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: green;\">evealed that NT farming impacts on SOC sequestration depended on soil type and sampling depth<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color: green;\">.<\/span> The SOC pools in NT exceeded those of PT in five out of 11 soils, but only within the surface layer (0- to 10-cm depth). Below the 10-cm depth, NT soils had equal to or even lower SOC than PT soils. The total SOC pool to 60-cm depth in NT was similar to those of PT soils. In some cases, the total SOC pool in PT soil was about 30% higher than in NT soils. <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">The higher SOC pool under PT fields may be attributed to incorporation of crop residues in the subsoil and deeper root growth<\/span><\/b>. Because the data for this study were obtained under on-farm conditions, r<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">esults may be influenced by differences in soil profile, land use history, and cropping intensity<\/span><\/b>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">The data from the 11 soils show that NT farming increases SOC concentration in the upper layers of some soils but does not store SOC more than PT soils for the entire soil profile. Blanco and Lal stated, \u201ci<b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">f the SOC pool was measured only within the surface soil (&lt;20 cm), the data could have led to completely different conclusions.\u201d Therefore, the authors strongly recommend that \u201cfuture studies in SOC sequestration must be done by analyzing the soil profile to about 2-m depth rather than the surface layer only<\/span><\/b>.\u201d Blanco and Lal also indicated that \u201cNT technology offers innumerable benefits to soil and water conservation, but its potential benefits for sequestering SOC on the basis of the data on surface layer only must not be generalized to all soils.\u201d<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">This project is an ongoing research activity at The Ohio State University and among its next goals is to further scrutinize the potential of NT systems for sequestering SOC across a wide range of soils, topographic, and climatic conditions of the <b style=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">eastern <\/span><\/b><\/span><st1:country-region><st1:place><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">U.S.<\/span><\/b><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><\/b><st1:place><b style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Corn Belt<\/span><\/b><\/st1:place><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Las modas en ciencia resultan ser a menudo muy perniciosas, incluso cuando ciertas iniciativas pudieran parecer m\u00e1s que razonables en primera instancia. El otro d\u00eda habl\u00e1bamos a cerca de la reforestaci\u00f3n de cadenas monta\u00f1osas erosionadas con vistas al secuestro de carbono, observando que su potencial para tales fines era m\u00e1s que limitado. El problema reside en que con preocupante frecuencia, muchas de las propuestas que se proponen no son testadas adecuadamente antes de considerarse como ciertas. Las empresas suelen lanzarse a comercializarlas, sin el debido rigor, acudiendo a estudios sesgados, que a menudo son financiadas por ellas mismas. Tal actitud\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[596,608,609,591,606,595],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92393"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=92393"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":134669,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92393\/revisions\/134669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=92393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=92393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=92393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}