{"id":98457,"date":"2008-08-10T11:43:00","date_gmt":"2008-08-10T11:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/\/universo\/archive\/2008\/08\/10\/98457.aspx"},"modified":"2010-01-22T03:48:39","modified_gmt":"2010-01-22T02:48:39","slug":"sistemas-agroforestales-sustentables-y-calidad-del-suelo-en-regiones-tropicales-y-subtropicales-humedas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/2008\/08\/10\/98457","title":{"rendered":"Sistemas Agroforestales Sustentables y Calidad del Suelo en Regiones Tropicales y Subtropicales H\u00famedas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\">Los boletines de noticias cient\u00edficas de EE.UU. han dado un gran protagonismo a los resultados de un estudio<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"> de investigaci\u00f3n recientemente publicado en la revista indexada <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">Agronomy Journal<\/SPAN><\/B>, como puede verse, por ejemplo, en el Bolet\u00edn de Noticias <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">Terradaily<\/SPAN><\/B> con el comercial t\u00edtulo de \u201c<\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\"><A href=\"http:\/\/www.terradaily.com\/reports\/No_Tillage_Plus_999.html\"><SPAN lang=ES style=\"mso-ansi-language: ES\"><FONT color=#800080>No Tillage Plus<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\">\u201d. <\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\">De hecho el art\u00edculo puede (o pod\u00eda) bajarse libremente de Internet <A href=\"http:\/\/agron.scijournals.org\/cgi\/reprint\/100\/4\/1013.pdf\"><FONT color=#800080>pinchando aqu\u00ed<\/FONT><\/A> durante los 30 d\u00edas siguientes a su fecha de publicaci\u00f3n. Se trataba de <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">analizar cierto tipo de pr\u00e1ctica agroforestal sin labranza<\/SPAN><\/B>. <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">Aunque el trabajo atesora alg\u00fan inter\u00e9s, desde luego no aporta novedad alguna respecto a muchas pr\u00e1cticas tradicionales que llevaban a cabo los abor\u00edgenes de la regi\u00f3n<\/SPAN><\/B>. Resulta pues un tanto indignante que se venda como un gran descubrimiento. Si los autores hubieran estado versados en <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">etnoedafolog\u00eda y etnoagricultura<\/SPAN><\/B> se hubieran percatado que estaban redescubriendo, una vez m\u00e1s, la dinamita. Pero expliquemos cuales son sus conclusiones y recomendaciones.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"><o:p>&nbsp;<IMG style=\"WIDTH: 420px; HEIGHT: 274px\" height=850 src=\"\/blogs\/universo\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/42\/files\/949\/o_Agroforestal%20chile.jpg\" width=1222><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"><A href=\"http:\/\/www.agroforesteria.cl\/menu\/investigacion\/investigacion_ran2.htm\"><FONT color=#800080>Sistema Agroforestal en Chile<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/P><SPAN class=MsoHyperlink><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><A href=\"http:\/\/www.agroforesteria.cl\/menu\/investigacion\/investigacion_ran2.htm\"><FONT color=#800080>Fuente: RAN. Gobierno de Chile<\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><!--more--><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\">Se trataba de <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">analizar los efectos de la agricultura sin labranza, a\u00f1adiendo tambi\u00e9n un cultivo de cobertera invernal rico en residuos vegetales sobre los contenidos de carbono org\u00e1nico del suelo, contenido de nutrientes y la producci\u00f3n de las cosechas<\/SPAN><\/B>. La nota omite que <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">las parcelas experimentales se ubicaban en<\/SPAN><\/B> un \u00e1rea con la foresta aclarada, en otras palabras se trataba de <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">un sistema agroforestal<\/SPAN><\/B>. La regi\u00f3n se encontraba al <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">sur de Brasil, bajo precipitaciones elevadas<\/SPAN><\/B> (entre 100 y 1500 mm anuales) <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">y sobre un suelo<\/SPAN><\/B> muy evolucionado y pobre en nutrientes <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">t\u00edpico de estos ambientes (Rhodic Hapludox muy rico en arcilla)<\/SPAN><\/B>. Tras un cierto n\u00famero de a\u00f1os, <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">compraron los resultados bajo tal tipo de gesti\u00f3n respecto a los que se presentaron bajo laboreo. <\/SPAN><\/B>En ambos casos<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\"> se replicaron los an\u00e1lisis con y sin barbecho invernal<\/SPAN><\/B>. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"><o:p>&nbsp;<IMG style=\"WIDTH: 423px; HEIGHT: 263px\" height=224 src=\"\/blogs\/universo\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/42\/files\/949\/o_Agroforestry%20University%20minnesota%20extension.PNG\" width=335><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"><A href=\"http:\/\/www.extension.umn.edu\/distribution\/naturalresources\/DD7407.html\"><FONT color=#800080>Esquema de un cultivo agroforestal <o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN class=MsoHyperlink><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"><A href=\"http:\/\/www.extension.umn.edu\/distribution\/naturalresources\/DD7407.html\"><FONT color=#800080>Fuente: University of Minnesota Extensi\u00f3n<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN class=MsoHyperlink><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 8pt\"><A href=\"http:\/\/www.extension.umn.edu\/distribution\/naturalresources\/DD7407.html\"><FONT color=#800080>Scott J. Josiah<\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 8pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\">Los resultados obtenidos mostraban que <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">el sistema de laboreo sin labranza y cultivo de cobertera invernal incrementaban el contenido superficial de carbono del suelo<\/SPAN><\/B> (aunque los efectos disminu\u00edan r\u00e1pidamente en profundidad hasta los 60 cm., a partir de la cual no se realizaron m\u00e1s estimaciones anal\u00edticas). Los autores tomaron tambi\u00e9n <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">muestras en un bosque natural colindante<\/SPAN><\/B> (bajo las mismas condiciones de suelo y clima), mostrando que<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\"> la calidad del suelo bajo el sistema que testaban se asemejaba m\u00e1s a este \u00faltimo que los restantes<\/SPAN><\/B>. Como corolario,<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\"> sugieren que tal pr\u00e1ctica puede ser mejor que las otras con vistas a implantar una agricultura sustentable<\/SPAN><\/B>. Digamos de paso, que <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">el incremento de productividad no era extraordinario, tal solo un 5 o 6% m\u00e1s que en los que se hac\u00eda uso del arado<\/SPAN><\/B>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\">Analicemos ahora que es lo que realmente estaban \u201cdescubriendo estos investigadores<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\">\u201d. En primer lugar cabe se\u00f1alar el car\u00e1cter agroforestal de las parcelas.<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\"> Ya se ha mostrado sobradamente <SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp;<\/SPAN>el inter\u00e9s de los<\/SPAN><\/B> <A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/universo\/archive\/2008\/05\/22\/92581.aspx\"><FONT color=#800080>sistemas agroforestales<\/FONT><\/A>, <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">tanto en los tr\u00f3picos como<\/SPAN><\/B> en otros biomas. Nada nuevo bajo el sol.<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\"> Si adicionalmente no labramos y a\u00f1adimos cobertura vegetal durante casi todo el a\u00f1o, no debe extra\u00f1arnos que las propiedades de los suelos fueran mejores y m\u00e1s semejantes a las del bosque primigenio<\/SPAN>,<\/B> que los otros tipos de manejo testados. Sin embargo, <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">como ya hemos mostrado en nuestra categor\u00eda sobre <\/SPAN><\/B>\u201c<A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/universo\/category\/254.aspx\"><FONT color=#800080>etnoedafolog\u00eda y conocimiento campesino<\/FONT><\/A>\u201d,<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\"> tal pr\u00e1ctica no resulta ser m\u00e1s que una simplificaci\u00f3n de las denominadas<\/SPAN><\/B> <A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/universo\/archive\/2007\/10\/18\/76620.aspx\"><FONT color=#800080>reservas extractivas<\/FONT><\/A>, <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">de las que hac\u00edan uso ya muchos pueblos abor\u00edgenes latinoamericanos<\/SPAN><\/B>. Desde luego tal \u201crevoluci\u00f3n\u201d <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">no puede competir con la extraordinaria gesti\u00f3n de<\/SPAN><\/B> <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">Terras Pretas<\/SPAN><\/B> <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">que desarrollaron los abor\u00edgenes del amazonas<\/SPAN><\/B> y que ahora se intentan emular con la enmienda denominada <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">agrichar<\/SPAN><\/B>, como mostramos en <A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/universo\/archive\/2008\/05\/04\/90873.aspx\"><FONT color=#800080>este<\/FONT><\/A>, <A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/universo\/archive\/2008\/05\/07\/91198.aspx\"><FONT color=#800080>este<\/FONT><\/A> y <A href=\"http:\/\/weblogs.madrimasd.org\/universo\/archive\/2008\/05\/11\/91490.aspx\"><FONT color=#800080>este<\/FONT><\/A> post. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\">Resumiendo, <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">los autores quieren vender la moto de que han descubierto algo original, cuando no lo es<\/SPAN><\/B>. El art\u00edculo no es malo, pero tampoco aporta ninguna novedad \u201ctrascendental\u201d. Reiteramos que <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">la FAO ya insiste en la implantaci\u00f3n de este tipo de sistemas, con independencia de que se contemple o no el cultivo de cobertera invernal, ya que <\/SPAN><\/B>las pr\u00e1cticas deben adaptarse a cada situaci\u00f3n local, existiendo muchos subtipos clim\u00e1ticos y clases de suelos en las zonas tropicales. Os dejo ya con la noticia y el resumen del art\u00edculo original. Eso s\u00ed, <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">no dudamos de que tal modo de gestionar el suelo sea de gran inter\u00e9s<\/SPAN><\/B>, es decir m\u00e1s que recomendable. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\">Juan Jos\u00e9 Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/SPAN><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'\"><SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp;<\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp;<\/SPAN><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><A href=\"http:\/\/www.terradaily.com\/reports\/No_Tillage_Plus_999.html\"><FONT color=#800080>No Tillage Plus<\/FONT><\/A><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">by Staff Writers; <\/SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = \"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags\" \/><st1:City><st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">Madison<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"> WI (SPX) Jul 31, 2008<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">Tropical soils often behave differently than temperate soils when being farmed<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">. In tropical regions, soils lose nutrients quickly when cultivated. With food shortages looming and soil quality declining rapidly, new farming techniques are needed <\/SPAN><\/B>to make tropical and sub-tropical farming more productive and sustainable. New research from <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">Agronomy Journal shows that no-till management combined with a winter cover crop is most effective in retaining nutrients in tropical soils<\/SPAN><\/B>. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">An international team<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"> of scientists from <\/SPAN><st1:country-region><st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">Brazil<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">, <\/SPAN><st1:country-region><st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">France<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">, and the <\/SPAN><st1:country-region><st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">U.S.<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"> <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">studied the impact of different cover crops, crop rotation, and tillage on soil organic carbon storage after 19 years of crop production on a tropical soil in southern <\/SPAN><\/B><\/SPAN><st1:country-region><st1:place><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">Brazil<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">. The results, published in the July-August issue of <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">Agronomy Journal<\/SPAN><\/B>, show that<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\"> no-tillage management combined with crop rotations including winter cover crops with high amounts of crop residues returned annually to the soil, will most likely maintain soil organic carbon stocks, and most likely mimic natural forested condition for tropical and subtropical areas<\/SPAN><\/B>. This crop management, if adopted by farmers in tropical and sub-tropical regions, <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">can help to keep land productive and sustainable<\/SPAN><\/B>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp;<\/SPAN><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">Scientist Bill Hargrove from <\/SPAN><st1:place><st1:PlaceName><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">Kansas<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:PlaceName><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"> <\/SPAN><\/B><st1:PlaceType><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">State<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:PlaceType><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"> <\/SPAN><\/B><st1:PlaceType><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">University<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:PlaceType><\/st1:place><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"> said, \u00abThese results have broad implications for agricultural production in tropical areas in <\/SPAN><\/B><st1:place><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">Africa<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:place><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">, <\/SPAN><\/B><st1:place><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">Asia<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:place><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">, and <\/SPAN><\/B><st1:place><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">Latin America<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">. We can manage soils in ways that allow profitable crop production while mimicking natural vegetative conditions under which land is not degraded at accelerated rates.\u00bb <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial\"><A href=\"http:\/\/agron.scijournals.org\/cgi\/reprint\/100\/4\/1013?maxtoshow=&amp;HITS=10&amp;hits=10&amp;RESULTFORMAT=&amp;author1=Hargrove+&amp;andorexactfulltext=and&amp;searchid=1&amp;FIRSTINDEX=0&amp;sortspec=relevance&amp;resourcetype=HWCIT\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><FONT color=#800080>Impact of Long-Term No-Tillage and Cropping System Management on Soil Organic Carbon in an Oxisol: A Model for Sustainability<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/A><\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">. <\/SPAN><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #339966; FONT-FAMILY: GaramondPremrPro; mso-bidi-font-family: GaramondPremrPro\">Published in Agron. J. 100:1013\u20131019 (2008)<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: GaramondPremrPro; mso-bidi-font-family: GaramondPremrPro\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial\"><A href=\"https:\/\/www.agronomy.org\/press\/releases\/2008\/0728\/175\"><FONT color=#800080>Ademir Calegari, W. L. Hargrove,* Danilo Dos Santos Rheinheimer, Ricardo Ralisch,<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN class=MsoHyperlink><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><A href=\"https:\/\/www.agronomy.org\/press\/releases\/2008\/0728\/175\"><FONT color=#800080>Daniel Tessier, Stephane de Tourdonnet, and Maria de Fatima Guimar\u00e3es<\/FONT><\/A><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P> <P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">Soil organic carbon (SOC) was assessed in a long-term (19 yr) experiment comparing conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) management systems and various winter cover crop treatments in a <\/SPAN><\/B><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">Rhodic Hapludox in southern <\/SPAN><\/B><st1:country-region><st1:place><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">Brazil<\/SPAN><\/B><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">. After 19 yr, NT resulted in 6.84 Mg C ha\u20131, in the <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">upper soil layer (0\u201310 cm), which represented 64.6% more than CT<\/SPAN><\/B>. I<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">n the 0 to 20 cm soil layer, the NT system sequestered 1.24 Mg C ha\u20131 yr\u20131, while CT sequestered 0.96 Mg C ha\u20131 yr\u20131<\/SPAN><\/B>. Independent of soil management, the<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\"> fallow treatment resulted in the lowest SOC stocks to the 40-cm soil depth compared to all other winter treatments<\/SPAN><\/B>. <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: green\">We compared SOC levels of the experimental site with a nearby-forested area, which has never been cleared. No-till management combined with winter cover crops resulted in soil properties that most closely resembled the undisturbed forest<\/SPAN><\/B>. Maize grain yields and soybean seed yields were 6 and 5% higher, respectively, under NT than CT. Our results point to <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN style=\"COLOR: #3366ff\">NT management combined with winter cover crops as the management system of choice to achieve sustainable crop production on Oxisols in the subtropical and tropical regions of the world<\/SPAN><\/B>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los boletines de noticias cient\u00edficas de EE.UU. han dado un gran protagonismo a los resultados de un estudio de investigaci\u00f3n recientemente publicado en la revista indexada Agronomy Journal, como puede verse, por ejemplo, en el Bolet\u00edn de Noticias Terradaily con el comercial t\u00edtulo de \u201cNo Tillage Plus\u201d. De hecho el art\u00edculo puede (o pod\u00eda) bajarse libremente de Internet pinchando aqu\u00ed durante los 30 d\u00edas siguientes a su fecha de publicaci\u00f3n. Se trataba de analizar cierto tipo de pr\u00e1ctica agroforestal sin labranza. Aunque el trabajo atesora alg\u00fan inter\u00e9s, desde luego no aporta novedad alguna respecto a muchas pr\u00e1cticas tradicionales que llevaban\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[608,599,613,589,600],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":4}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98457"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98457"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98457\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":134724,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98457\/revisions\/134724"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98457"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98457"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madrimasd.org\/blogs\/universo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98457"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}