Aterrizaje, y no «alunizaje» (ni «amartizaje»)
Con motivo del ATERRIZAJE del rover Perseverance en Marte, publicamos de nuevo un artículo de la Comisión de terminología de la Sociedad Española de Astronomía (SEA), que apareció en la revista Astronomía en marzo de 2014. La conclusión es que: «La acción de posarse sobre la superficie lunar es un aterrizaje en la Luna. Conviene evitar la palabra alunizaje y su familia.» Lo mismo ocurre con Marte, el término correcto es aterrizar.
Cuando las primeras sondas construidas por el hombre tomaron contacto con nuestro satélite, se introdujo en nuestro lenguaje el término alunizaje por analogía con aterrizaje. En nuestra opinión dicha introducción fue un error motivado por la confusión entre tierra (en su significado de «suelo» o «piso») y Tierra (nuestro planeta). Aterrizaje se refiere al primer caso, como queda claro en la definición de aterrizar del DRAE («posarse, tras una maniobra de descenso, sobre tierra firme o sobre cualquier pista o superficie que sirva a tal fin»), y no al segundo. La introducción de alunizaje además impulsa por analogía a la construcción de términos innecesarios y antiestéticos como amartizaje, avenusizaje, atitanizaje o asteroidizaje.
Distinto es el caso de amerizaje, ya que amerizar es «la acción de posarse en el mar». Es posible en el caso de un objeto astronómico con superficie líquida que una sonda se pose sobre dicha superficie y referirse a dicha acción como amerizaje. Eso podría ocurrir, por ejemplo, en un lago de Titán. Más difícil de asignar sería el caso de un gigante gaseoso como Júpiter, ya que allí la atmósfera se va volviendo cada vez más espesa hasta adquirir las características de un fluido denso sin pasar por una transición de fase como la existente para el agua (en la Tierra) o el metano y etano (en Titán) a presiones cercanas a 1 bar.
Por lo tanto, aconsejamos el uso de aterrizaje/amerizaje y desaconsejamos el de alunizaje y su familia de derivados.
Comisión de terminología SEA
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Advertencia al lector suspicaz
A lo largo de las páginas de este libro el lector descubrirá que hemos prescindido de las palabras #alunizar y #alunizaje , en beneficio de las que nos parecen más correctas, aterrizar y #aterrizaje , pues, desde nuestro punto de vista, las primeras son equívocas.
Aquéllas proceden del error que hemos cometido degradando a nuestro planeta, al escribir “la tierra” con minúscula, cuando como nombre propio, le corresponde una inicial mayúscula.
Recapacitemos que la palabra #aterrizar no significa tomar la Tierra, sino tomar tierra (el suelo), que es lo que hacen los aviones cuando aterrizan, tomar tierra y no la Tierra, ya que nunca salieron de ella. Por la misma razón, los aviones anfibios “amaran” y la aviación embarcada “anavea”, ya
que no toman tierra (con minúscula), sino agua o cubierta.
En suma, aterrizar significa posarse en tierra (en el suelo), dondequiera que sea, no necesariamente en la Tierra.
Por otra parte, si adoptamos la palabra alunizaje nos veremos envueltos en un delirio sin fin de designaciones terminológicas absurdas, como amartización, avenerización y atitanizacición y peor aún, cuando futuras sondas interplanetarias aplutonicen, aeuropeicen, aioicen, aganimedicen,
acalisticen, etc.
Así que aterricemos en la #Luna. Alberto Martos.
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