Agrupación de galaxias de entre 50 y 100 miembros, con concentraciones de gas caliente y materia oscura. Estas galaxias se mantienen unidas entre sí gracias a la interacción gravitatoria, y los cúmulos presentan masas cercanas a 10 billones de veces la del Sol. Los cúmulos de galaxias miden normalmente decenas de megapársecs (decenas de millones de años-luz). La formación de estas agrupaciones se suele situar en periodos entre hace diez mil millones de años y la actualidad. Algunos ejemplos de estas aglomeraciones de galaxias son el cúmulo de Virgo, el de Hércules y el de la Cabellera de Berenice. Existen otras agrupaciones mayores, llamadas supercúmulos de galaxias y otras menores, llamadas grupos de galaxias. Grupo de galaxias es una concentración de varias decenas de galaxias, con masas totales que alcanzan el billón de veces la de nuestro Sol. Los tamaños característicos de los grupos rondan el megapársec (3 millones de años-luz). El ejemplo más cercano lo ofrece el Grupo Local, al que pertenece nuestra Galaxia. Los supercúmulos de galaxias son grandes estructuras formadas por la interacción gravitatoria de cúmulos y grupos de galaxias, con tamaños entre los 100 y los 500 megapársecs (300 y 1500 millones de años-luz). Los súper cúmulos de galaxias constituyen las mayores estructuras jerárquicas en el cosmos. Por encima de estas entidades, el universo adquiere una textura homogénea a gran escala.

Cúmulo de galaxias

Quinteto de Stephan (HGC 92), grupo compacto de galaxias a unos 300 millones de años-luz. Imagen tomada con el telescopio IAC80 del Observatorio del Teide (Tenerife). Créditos: IAC, Ángel R. López Sánchez.



Glosario: 100 conceptos básicos de Astronomía»

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32 comentarios

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  6. oye yo entiendo perfectamente lo que dice otra cosa es que ustedes sean unos lentos y discapacitados mentales, aparte de no tener educación ni cultura ignorantes.TENGO 12 años y ustedes grandotes no pueden entenderlo?

  7. ¿Qué clase de cúmulo es el de la imagen? Globular o abierto?
    Gracias.

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