Midiendo la velocidad de la luz: el contexto histórico
Mostrabamos el otro día un experimento casero para medir la velocidad de la luz, utilizando un microondas. Hagamos un repaso de la historia de esta magnitud, importantísima para la Física moderna.
Fue Roemer, mediante el uso de los eclipses de los satelites de Jupiter, quien pudo extraer el primer valor. Fue en 1675, con la cantidad de 198,500 km/s, un 30% inferior al valor real (299,793 km/s). Se sirvió del hecho de que la distancia Tierra-Júpiter depende de la posición relativa de ambos al orbitar en torno al baricentro del Sistema Solar (mínima en oposición), por lo que los presentan retrasos respecto al tiempo previsto si la velocidad fuera infinita (si la información se tranmitiera de manera instantanea). Ello requiere el conocimiento del radio de la órbita de la Tierra. Christiaan Huygens utilizaría una de las primeras estimaciones precisas para derivar una velocidad de unos 220,000 km/s.
Nuevos metodos, más precisos, fueron ideados con posterioridad por Newton, Fizeau, Foucault y Michelson, los últimos en el siglo XIX.
Un efecto claro de la velocidad finita de la luz es el fenómeno conocido como aberración de la luz , el cambio estacional de las posiciones de las estrellas (y los demas astros) que aparece como consecuencia de la combinación de la velocidad de la luz que emiten y la del receptor situado en la Tierra, que se desplaza alrededor del Sol. Es análogo a la oblicuidad de la lluvia cuando corremos. Pero de ello ya hablaré otro día.
Deseo enviar mis felicitaciones al autor por su originalidad, cuando llegue a casa, pienso realizar el experimento.
Gracias en todo caso
Me ha parecido interesante el experimento, sobre todo por su simplicidad y su gran resultado.
Estoy a punto de empezar el proyecto de fin de carrera de ingeniería, el cual consistirá en la reconstrucción del famoso experimento de la rueda dentada de Fizeau.
El problema es recrear la larga distancia recorrida por la luz, y se me había ocurrido usar fibra optica como recorrido del haz de luz.
Mi duda es si la velocidad de la luz a través de la fibra optica será la misma que en el vacío (o muy parecida), o si por el contrario, la velocidad disminuye considerablemente.
Sin mas, os dejo con un saludo, esperando vuestra sabia respuesta.
Iker
Me podrías aclarar una duda?
El microondas orienta y desorienta la polaridad de la molécula del agua muchas veces por segundo.Mi pregunta es…Se podría llegar a recargar una pila o batería orientando adecuadamente sus electrones utilizando algun tipo de onda electromagnética tipo microondas(filtradas para utilizar la polaridad correcta) y así establecer una diferencia de potencial,es decir una tensión en bornes de la pila?
Gracias
Félix
Me parece una buena idea como "experimento" el tema de recargar una bateria con MicroOndas…. pero comercialmente seria rentable…?
Mi tema principal de interes es la Mecatronica.
Me parece una buena idea como "experimento" el tema de recargar una bateria con MicroOndas…. pero comercialmente seria rentable…?
Mi tema principal de interes es la Mecatronica.
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