Telescopios Espaciales en el infrarrojo: IRAS, Akari y Spitzer
David ByN
Durante los dos últimos días hemos mostrado varias secuencias de imágenes tomadas con los satélites infrarrojos Akari y Spitzer, que están en orbita y plenamente operativos ahora. En otras ocasiones hemos incluido fotos obtenidas con un satélite anterior, IRAS. Incluímos ahora una comparación los mismos objetos vistos por estos tres instrumentos, que en sus respectivos momentos supusieron (o lo están haciendo ahora) verdaderas revoluciones en la visión del universo en este rango de longitudes de onda
Fotocomposición de imágenes tomadas con IRAS (arriba), Akari (derecha) y Spitzer (izquierda, junto a otra toma de la Nebulosa de Orión en el visible).
Al igual que el satélite IRAS en los años 80, Akari está realizando un mapeado de todo el cielo en varias longitudes de onda del infrarrojo medio y lejano. Prácticamente ya ha cubierto casi toda la bóveda celeste, y fruto de ese trabajo son las estupendas imágenes que nos permiten ver estructuras a gran escala. Además, dado que su sensibilidad es muchísimo mejor que la que en su momento tuvo IRAS, nos muestra fenómenos inaccesibles para aquel observatorio.
La Cabeza de Orión, vista por IRAS y por Spitzer (Crédito Caltech/D. Barrado y M. Morales).
Spitzer es el complemento perfecto de Akari. De mayor sensibilidad y resolución espacial, permite realizar estudios detallados de galaxias, regiones de formación estelar, nebulosas planetarias, etc. Como muestra, la segunda imagen contiene la visión de la Cabeza de Orion según IRAS (en el centro), y varias componentes de esta compleja región de formación estelar (denominada Lambda Orionis SFR, por la estrella central, muy masiva, que domina toda la estructura).
En realidad las imágenes de Spitzer, comprimidas por necesidad del tamaño, no hacen honor a la calidad y a la cantidad de información que contienen. Como muestra, hace unas semanas hablábamos de una de las nubes de polvo y gas de la Cabeza de Orión, Barnard 30. En este enlace se pueden encontrar más información, junto a una descripción de los resultados y la nota de prensa de NASA/Spitzer.
PD (2007/VII/27):
Estos tres satélites no trabajan a las mismas longitudes de onda:
IRAS: 12, 25, 60 y 100 micras
Spitzer/IRAC: 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 y 8 micras.
Spitzer/MIPS: 24, 70 y 160 micras.
Akari: 9, 19, 65, 90 140 y 160 micras.
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